{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T16:23:10Z","timestamp":1759335790264,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,28]],"date-time":"2018-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives\/Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>\u201cHot potato voice\u201d (HPV) is a thick, muffled voice caused by pharyngeal or laryngeal diseases characterized by severe upper airway obstruction, including acute epiglottitis and peritonsillitis. To develop a method for determining upper\u2010airway emergency based on this important vocal feature, we investigated the acoustic characteristics of HPV using a physical, articulatory speech synthesis model. The results of the simulation were then applied to design a computerized recognition framework using a mel\u2010frequency cepstral coefficient domain support vector machine (SVM).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Quasi\u2010experimental research design.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Changes in the voice spectral envelope caused by upper airway obstructions were analyzed using a hybrid time\u2010frequency model of articulatory speech synthesis. We evaluated variations in the formant structure and thresholds of critical vocal tract area functions that triggered HPV. The SVMs were trained using a dataset of 2,200 synthetic voice samples generated by an articulatory synthesizer. Voice classification experiments on test datasets of real patient voices were then performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>On phonation of the Japanese vowel \/e\/, the frequency of the second formant fell and coalesced with that of the first formant as the area function of the oropharynx decreased. Changes in higher\u2010order formants varied according to constriction location. The highest accuracy afforded by the SVM classifier trained with synthetic data was 88.3%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>HPV caused by upper airway obstruction has a highly characteristic spectral envelope. Based on this distinctive voice feature, our SVM classifier, who was trained using synthetic data, was able to diagnose upper\u2010airway obstructions with a high degree of accuracy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>2c<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 129:1301\u20131307, 2019<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,28]],"date-time":"2018-11-28T18:46:00Z","timestamp":1543430760000},"page":"1301-1307","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Discrimination of \u201chot potato voice\u201d caused by upper airway obstruction utilizing a support vector machine"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"129","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6024-8161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shintaro","family":"Fujimura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology  Tenri Hospital  Tenri Nara Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6564-5876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsuyoshi","family":"Kojima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology  Tenri Hospital  Tenri Nara Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Okanoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology  Tenri Hospital  Tenri Nara Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiko","family":"Shoji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology  Tenri Hospital  Tenri Nara Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masato","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience  School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University  Shinjuku Tokyo Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryusuke","family":"Hori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology  Tenri Hospital  Tenri Nara Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2005.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"FantG.Acoustic Theory of Speech Production. 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