{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T05:40:29Z","timestamp":1721022029797},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,27]],"date-time":"2019-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>An injury of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) triggers axonal regeneration but results in a poor functional recovery. Netrin\u20101 and glial cell\u2010derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) expression are up\u2010regulated in laryngeal muscles during RLN regeneration, but the role of their receptors produced in the nucleus ambiguus is unknown. The aim of this work was to determine the timing of the production of Netrin\u20101 and GDNF receptors during RLN regeneration and correlate this with the previously identified timing of up\u2010regulation of their trophic factors in the laryngeal muscles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Laboratory experiment with rat model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The right RLN was transected and dextran amine tracer applied. At 7, 14, and 21 days postinjury (DPI), brainstems were removed and harvested. Immunostaining was performed for Netrin\u20101 (deleted in colorectal carcinoma [DCC], UNC5A) and GDNF receptors (rearranged during transfection [Ret], glycosylphosphatidylinositol\u2010linked cell surface receptors [GFR\u03b11, GFR\u03b12, GFR\u03b13]). The timing and type of receptor production relative to injury as well as their position in the nucleus ambiguus was analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Netrin\u20101 UNC5A receptors were minimal in the nucleus ambiguus during RLN regeneration. DCC, the receptor that plays an attract role, was immunopositive from 7 to 21 DPI. All GDNF receptors, except GFR\u03b12, were clearly positive from 7 to 14 DPI. No differences of production were observed according to the position of the motor neurons in the nucleus ambiguus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>An injury of the RLN leads to a higher production of Netrin\u20101 DCC and GDNF receptors in the nucleus ambiguus. The timing of receptor production is similar to up\u2010regulation of their trophic factors in the laryngeal muscles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>NA.<jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 129:2537\u20132542, 2019<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,27]],"date-time":"2019-02-27T16:57:03Z","timestamp":1551286623000},"page":"2537-2542","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Expression of trophic factors receptors during reinnervation after recurrent laryngeal nerve injury"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Hernandez\u2010Morato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Columbia University Medical Center New York New York 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