{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T07:42:21Z","timestamp":1777189341585,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,30]],"date-time":"2019-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U10EY06594"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U10EY06594"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R37AG011099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R37AG011099"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hearing impairment (HI) is common in aging adults. Aldosterone, insulin\u2010like growth factor (IGF1), and brain\u2010derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) have been identified as potentially protective of hearing. The present study aims to investigate these relationships.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Epidemiology of Hearing Loss Study is a longitudinal population\u2010based study of aging in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, that began in 1993. Baseline for the present investigation is the 1998 to 2000 phase. Follow\u2010up exams occurred approximately every 5\u2009years, with the most recent occurring from 2013 to 2016. Hearing was measured by pure\u2010tone audiometry. HI was defined as a pure tone average (PTA)\u2009&gt;\u200925 decibels hearing level in either ear. Change in PTA was the difference between follow\u2010up examinations and baseline. Baseline serum samples were used to measure biomarkers in 2017. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated to assess the effect of biomarker levels in the lowest quintile (Q1) versus the highest (Q5) on incident HI and PTA change.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 1,088 participants (69.3% women) at risk of HI included in analyses. The mean baseline age was 63.8\u2009years (standard deviation\u2009=\u20097.0). The 16\u2010year incidence of HI was 54.9% and was higher in men (61.1%) than women (52.1%). In age\u2010 and sex\u2010adjusted models, aldosterone (HR\u2009=\u20091.06, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.82\u20131.37), IGF1 (HR\u2009=\u20090.92, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.71\u20131.19), and BDNF (HR\u2009=\u20090.86, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.66\u20131.12) levels were not associated with risk of HI. PTA change was similarly not affected by biomarker levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Aldosterone, IGF1, and BDNF were not associated with decreased risk of age\u2010related hearing loss in this study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>2b<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 129:2178\u20132183, 2019<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27847","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,30]],"date-time":"2019-01-30T14:02:58Z","timestamp":1548856978000},"page":"2178-2183","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Neuroprotective factors and incident hearing impairment in the epidemiology of hearing loss study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"129","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9919-0577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam 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Public Health, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison  Madison Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison  Madison Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael Y.","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of Minnesota Medical School\u2013Minneapolis  Minneapolis Minnesota U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ted S.","family":"Tweed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison  Madison 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