{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T13:03:25Z","timestamp":1792674205725,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006808","name":"University of North Carolina","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017 Innovation Pilot Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017 Innovation Pilot Award"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006808","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006808","name":"University of North Carolina","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006808","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives\/Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>Augmented reality (AR) allows for the addition of transparent virtual images and video to one's view of a physical environment. Our objective was to develop a head\u2010worn, AR system for accurate, intraoperative localization of pathology and normal anatomic landmarks during open head and neck surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Face validity and case study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A protocol was developed for the creation of three\u2010dimensional (3D) virtual models based on computed tomography scans. Using the HoloLens AR platform, a novel system of registration and tracking was developed. Accuracy was determined in relation to actual physical landmarks. A face validity study was then performed in which otolaryngologists were asked to evaluate the technology and perform a simulated surgical task using AR image guidance. A case study highlighting the potential usefulness of the technology is also presented.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>An AR system was developed for intraoperative 3D visualization and localization. The average error in measurement of accuracy was 2.47\u2009\u00b1\u20090.46 millimeters (1.99, 3.30). The face validity study supports the potential of this system to improve safety and efficiency in open head and neck surgical procedures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>An AR system for accurate localization of pathology and normal anatomic landmarks of the head and neck is feasible with current technology. A face validity study reveals the potential value of the system in intraoperative image guidance. This application of AR, among others in the field of otolaryngology\u2013head and neck surgery, promises to improve surgical efficiency and patient safety in the operating room.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>2b <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 129:S1\u2013S11, 2019<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T12:55:05Z","timestamp":1561985705000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Development of augmented\u2010reality applications in otolaryngology\u2013head and neck surgery"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"129","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3753-2329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Austin S.","family":"Rose","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of North Carolina  Chapel Hill North Carolina U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyounghun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science University of North Carolina  Chapel Hill North Carolina U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Fuchs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science University of North Carolina  Chapel Hill North Carolina U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan\u2010Michael","family":"Frahm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science University of North Carolina  Chapel Hill North Carolina U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3.59.227"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25323"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480601002104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001922"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2017.2770214"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0146996"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-010-0507-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11701-013-0420-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2018.03.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41747-017-0033-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1606277"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s18082505"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-016-1444-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-1810(06)80007-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199705000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599818796476"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-017-1564-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000002793"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcs.1914"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","unstructured":"GilbertB. Microsoft's futuristic head\u2010mounted computer has a major limitation. Business Insider website. Available at:https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/hololens-battery-life-is-just-2-to-3-hours-2016-2. Published February 29 2016. Accessed August 1 2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000003802"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2017.04.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-016-1502-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/58\/14\/4951"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-016-5297-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599811434708"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.11.009"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","article-title":"InvisibleEar: using augmented reality to learn temporal bone anatomy","volume":"24","author":"Pothier DD","year":"2015","journal-title":"ENT Audiol News"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489415570937"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2015.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2008.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26975"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","first-page":"193","article-title":"Telepresence and telemedicine in trauma and emergency care management","volume":"104","author":"Latifi R","year":"2004","journal-title":"Stud Health Technol Inform"}],"container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Flary.28098","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lary.28098","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/lary.28098","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lary.28098","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,9]],"date-time":"2023-09-09T10:57:57Z","timestamp":1694257077000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lary.28098"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lary.28098"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.28098","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-852X","1531-4995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-852X","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-4995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-04-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-05-16","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-07-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}