{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T06:13:52Z","timestamp":1762409632687,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,31]],"date-time":"2019-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The human sense of smell constitutes the main part of flavor perception. Typically, patients with loss of olfactory function complain of diminished perception during eating and drinking. However, some patients with smell loss still report normal enjoyment of foods. The aim of the present study was to compare orthonasal and retronasal olfactory function in patients with non\u2010sinonasal smell loss and subjectively normal flavor perception.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nineteen patients (mean age [range] 52.0 [8\u201383\u2009years]) with self\u2010reported olfactory impairment but subjective normal flavor perception were included. Olfactory performance was assessed using the Sniffin\u2019 Sticks (TDI) for orthonasal and the Candy Smell Test (CST) for retronasal function. Visual analogue scales were used for self\u2010assessment of odor (SOP), taste (STP), and flavor perception (SFP), ranging from 0 (no perception) to 10 (excellent perception).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean (SD) SFP was 8.0 (1.8). Mean (SD) orthonasal TDI\u2010score of all patients was 14.4 (5.3, range 6\u201325.3) with 11 patients classified as anosmic and eight as hyposmic. Mean\/SD retronasal CST\u2010score was 8.8 (2.7, range 3\u201313) within the range of anosmia\/hyposmia. No correlation was found between SFP and the CST (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .62).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present results showed that despite claiming normal flavor perception, our patients were ortho\u2010 and retronasally dysosmic using standard tests for olfactory function. Although other explanations could be possible, we suggest that this subjective flavor perception might be due to unconscious memory recall from previously experienced cross\u2010modal sensory interactions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>4 <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 130:1629\u20131633, 2020<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,31]],"date-time":"2019-08-31T12:52:40Z","timestamp":1567255960000},"page":"1629-1633","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Retronasal olfactory function in patients with smell loss but subjectively normal flavor perception"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"130","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6948-737X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David Tianxiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3168-7477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerold","family":"Besser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bertold","family":"Renner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Friedrich\u2010Alexander University Erlangen\u2010N\u00fcrnberg  Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Seyferth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmaceutics Friedrich\u2010Alexander University Erlangen\u2010N\u00fcrnberg  Erlangen 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