{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T07:54:42Z","timestamp":1768463682565,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]],"date-time":"2019-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012553","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CFRPG6J0061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CFRPG6J0061"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012553","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012553","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CFRPG6J0051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CFRPG6J0051"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012553","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012553","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CGRPG6J0031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CGRPG6J0031"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012553","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012553","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CGRPG6G0021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CGRPG6G0021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012553","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and deep neck infection (DNI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients newly diagnosed with RA between 2000 and 2011 were identified from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. Moreover, patients without RA were randomly selected and matched at a 1:4 ratio by age, sex, urbanization level, income, and diabetes mellitus. The patients were followed up until death or the end of the study period (December 31, 2013). The primary outcome was the occurrence of DNI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 30,207 patients with RA and 120,828 matched patients without RA were enrolled. Patients with RA had a significantly higher cumulative incidence of DNI than those without RA (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;\u20090.001). The adjusted Cox proportional hazard model demonstrated that RA was significantly associated with a higher incidence of DNI (hazard ratio: 2.80, 95% confidence interval: 2.26\u20133.46, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;\u20090.001). Therapeutic methods (surgical or nonsurgical) did not differ significantly between the patients with RA\u2010DNI and with non\u2013RA\u2010DNI. Patients with RA\u2010DNI had higher rates of tracheostomy, mediastinitis, mediastinitis\u2010related mortality, and mortality than patients with non\u2013RA\u2010DNI, although these differences were without statistical significance. RA patients receiving no therapy experienced higher rates of DNI compared with those receiving methotrexate alone, disease\u2010modifying antirheumatic drugs, or biologic therapies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study is the first to investigate the association between RA and DNI. We conclude RA is an independent predisposing factor for DNI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>4 <jats:bold><jats:italic>Laryngoscope, 130:1402\u20131407, 2020<\/jats:italic><\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]],"date-time":"2019-09-09T14:55:26Z","timestamp":1568040926000},"page":"1402-1407","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Real\u2010world evidence for increased deep neck infection risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"130","author":[{"given":"Geng\u2010He","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital  Chiayi Taiwan"},{"name":"Health Information and Epidemiology Laboratory of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital  Chiayi 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