{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T23:28:10Z","timestamp":1780615690501,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]],"date-time":"2019-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Outcome measures in healthcare that presume a higher level of patient health and overall literacy may inadequately estimate the disease experiences of less\u2010educated patients and further disadvantage them. Patient\u2010Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) are widely used communication tools for clinical practice and are often used to evaluate and guide management for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and skull base diseases. However, their readability and subsequent incomprehensibility for patients have not been assessed. The aim of this study is to evaluate the readability of commonly used PROMs for these conditions and whether they meet recommended readability levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three readability measures, Gunning Fog, Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG), and FORCAST were used in the evaluation of commonly used PROMs for CRS and skull base disease. PROMs with sixth\u2010grade readability level or lower were considered to meet health literacy experts' recommendations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 11 PROMs were reviewed (8 CRS, 3 skull base). Gunning Fog consistently estimated the easiest readability, whereas FORCAST the most difficult. One hundred percent of CRS and 67% of skull base PROMs were above National Institutes of Health and health literacy experts' recommended reading levels. PROMs developed more recently had easier readability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>PROMs are important clinical tools in otolaryngology that help guide management of disease for improved patient\u2010centered care. Like many other fields of medicine, those used in otolaryngology are beyond recommended reading levels. Development of PROMs in the future should meet recommended readability levels to fully assess the disease experience of our patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>4 <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 130:2305\u20132310, 2020<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28330","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]],"date-time":"2019-10-11T13:07:13Z","timestamp":1570799233000},"page":"2305-2310","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Readability of patient\u2010reported outcome measures for chronic rhinosinusitis and skull base diseases"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"130","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3498-184X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saangyoung E.","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina School of Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill  Chapel Hill North Carolina U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zainab","family":"Farzal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\/Head and Neck Surgery University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine  Chapel Hill North Carolina U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1670-8401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam J.","family":"Kimple","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\/Head and Neck Surgery University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine  Chapel Hill North Carolina U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brent A.","family":"Senior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\/Head and Neck Surgery University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine  Chapel Hill North Carolina U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian D.","family":"Thorp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\/Head and Neck Surgery University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine  Chapel Hill North Carolina U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam M.","family":"Zanation","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\/Head and Neck Surgery University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine  Chapel Hill North Carolina U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Charles S.","family":"Ebert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\/Head and Neck Surgery University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine  Chapel Hill North Carolina U.S.A"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-8206.2004.00234.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 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