{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:44:20Z","timestamp":1790837060677,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]],"date-time":"2019-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prior studies have indicated that olfactory cleft (OC) opacification correlates with olfaction in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However, the results have been unclear in patients without polyps. The purpose of this study was to further explore the relationship between OC opacification, sinus opacification, and olfactory function in patients with CRS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One hundred and forty\u2010eight patients with CRS were prospectively enrolled across five institutions. Olfactory function was evaluated using the Sniffin\u2019 Sticks tests (Burghardt, Wedel, Germany) and the 17\u2010item Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders (QOD\u2010NS). Computed tomography (CT) scans for each patient were acquired and Lund\u2010Mackay scores recorded. Opacification of the OC was determined using OsiriX MD (Pixmeo, Bernex, Switzerland) and correlated with olfaction scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 148 CRS patients, 73 CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) and 75 CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), as well as 30 control subjects were enrolled. Overall OC opacification averaged 63.7% in CRS patients and 47.1% in control subjects (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u20090.001). In the overall cohort, OC opacification significantly correlated with threshold, discrimination, and identification (TDI) (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u2009\u22120.520;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u20090.001) and QOD\u2010NS scores (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u20090.374;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u20090.001). CRSwNP patients demonstrated a significant correlation between OC opacification and TDI scores (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u2009\u22120.464;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u20090.001) but not the CRSsNP group (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u2009\u22120.143;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u20090.229). Lund\u2010Mackay score correlated with TDI in both the CRSsNP (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u2009\u22120.300;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u20090.010) and CRSwNP (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u2009\u22120.271;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u20090.019) groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CT opacification is associated with olfactory dysfunction differentially based on nasal polyp status. Smell loss in CRSwNP correlated with both OC opacification and Lund\u2010Mackay score, whereas CRSsNP correlated only with Lund\u2010Mackay score, indicating different relationships between olfactory function and local inflammatory processes in these disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      2\n                      <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>\n                      , 130:2311\u20132318, 2020\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]],"date-time":"2019-10-11T09:04:51Z","timestamp":1570784691000},"page":"2311-2318","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Olfactory cleft and sinus opacification differentially impact olfaction in chronic rhinosinusitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"130","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2372-3431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine","family":"Loftus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston South Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodney J.","family":"Schlosser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston South Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6424-7083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy L.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology and Sinus\/Skull Base Surgery, Oregon Sinus Center, Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Oregon Health and Science University  Portland Oregon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0560-5028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremiah A.","family":"Alt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Division of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery University of Utah  Salt Lake City Utah"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2748-0705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vijay R.","family":"Ramakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology University of Colorado  Aurora Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose L.","family":"Mattos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery University of Virginia  Charlottesville Virginia U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elliott","family":"Mappus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston South Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Storck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston South Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederick","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston South Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4304-595X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zachary M.","family":"Soler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston South Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2012.26.3741"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","article-title":"Smell and taste disorders","volume":"10","author":"Hummel T","year":"2011","journal-title":"GMS Curr Top Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck 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