{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T05:22:28Z","timestamp":1784697748925,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,4]],"date-time":"2019-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives\/Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neonatal patients requiring prolonged intubation are susceptible to both infection and laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS). This study investigated the effect of ventilator\u2010associated pneumonia (VAP) on the development of LTS in neonates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective case\u2013control study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The incidence of LTS in neonates with VAP was compared with the incidence of LTS in matched intubated controls without VAP. Patients were treated at a tertiary\u2010care medical center from 2004 to 2014. Eligible patient records were assessed for the development of LTS. Demographics, medical comorbidities, infection characteristics, and treatment variables were compared using unpaired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> test or \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> test. Statistical significance was set a priori at <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>When comparing the VAP patients with matched non\u2010VAP controls, we found no significant differences in the incidence of LTS (VAP vs. non\u2010VAP, 8.3% vs. 6.7%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .73). In subgroup analysis of the VAP cohort, LTS and non\u2010LTS patients demonstrated similar VAP organisms on broncho\u2010alveolar lavage (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:styled-content>, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>, methicillin\u2010resistant <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Enterobacter<\/jats:italic>). Additionally, within the VAP cohort, LTS and non\u2010LTS patients showed similar gestational age (LTS vs. non\u2010LTS, 31.3\u2009days vs. 28.1\u2009days; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .22), birth weight (LTS vs. non\u2010LTS, 1.6 kg vs. 1.2 kg; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .33), and similar intubation duration (LTS vs. non\u2010LTS, 37.8\u2009days vs. 27.5\u2009days; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .52).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this neonatal cohort, VAP was not associated with an increased incidence of LTS. Given severity of the burden of LTS on the healthcare system, multi\u2010institutional longitudinal investigation into contributing risk factors for neonatal LTS is warranted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>NA <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 130:2252\u20132255, 2020<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,4]],"date-time":"2019-12-04T14:53:11Z","timestamp":1575471191000},"page":"2252-2255","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Incidence of Laryngotracheal Stenosis in Neonates With a History of Ventilator\u2010Associated Pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"130","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2411-0306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne Sun","family":"Lowery","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University School of Medicine  Nashville Tennessee U.S.A."},{"name":"Surgical Outcomes Center for Kids Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Gelbard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Wootten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Outcomes Center for Kids Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee U.S.A."},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198911000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2007.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20823"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23771"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24382"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948609500617"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-200x.2000.01273.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200405-644ST"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(91)90367-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.109.5.758"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.103.4.e39"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2017-312962"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019459989310900411"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199011000-00010"}],"container-title":["The 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