{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T11:04:56Z","timestamp":1759057496323,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,11]],"date-time":"2020-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000009","name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HL130996"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HL130996"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>At our institution, in vivo facial nerve mapping (FNM) is used during vascular anomaly (VAN) surgeries involving the facial nerve (FN) to create an FN map and prevent injury. During mapping, FN anatomy seemed to vary with VAN type. This study aimed to characterize FN branching patterns compared to published FN anatomy and VAN type.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective study of surgically relevant facial nerve anatomy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>VAN patients (n = 67) with FN mapping between 2005 and 2018 were identified. Results included VAN type, FN relationship to VAN, FNM image with branch pattern, and surgical approach. A Fisher exact test compared FN relationships and surgical approach between VAN pathology, and FN branching types to published anatomical studies. MATLAB quantified FN branching with Euclidean distances and angles. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) analyzed quantitative FN patterns amongst VAN types.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>VANs included were hemangioma, venous malformation, lymphatic malformation, and arteriovenous malformation (n = 17, 13, 25, and 3, respectively). VAN FN patterns differed from described FN anatomy (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;\u2009.001). PCA and HCA in MATLAB\u2010quantified FN branching demonstrated no patterns associated with VAN pathology (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =\u2009.80 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =\u2009.91, one\u2010way analysis of variance for principle component 1 (PC1) and priniciple component 2 (PC2), respectively). FN branches were usually adherent to hemangioma or venous malformation as compared to coursing through lymphatic malformation (both <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =\u2009.01, Fisher exact).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>FN branching patterns identified through electrical stimulation differ from cadaveric dissection determined FN anatomy. This reflects the high sensitivity of neurophysiologic testing in detecting small distal FN branches. Elongated FN branches traveling through lymphatic malformation may be related to abnormal nerve patterning in these malformations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>NA <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 130:2708\u20132713, 2020<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28500","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,11]],"date-time":"2020-01-11T11:45:44Z","timestamp":1578743144000},"page":"2708-2713","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Facial Nerve Branching Patterns Vary With Vascular Anomalies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"130","author":[{"given":"Lingga","family":"Adidharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle Children's Hospital  Seattle Washington U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Randall A.","family":"Bly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology Seattle Children's Hospital  Seattle Washington U.S.A."},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery University of Washington  Seattle Washington U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2277-3525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hailey A.","family":"Theeuwen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle Children's Hospital  Seattle Washington U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert N.","family":"Holdefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromonitoring Program, Department of Rehabilitation University of Washington  Seattle Washington U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jefferson","family":"Slimp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromonitoring Program, Department of Rehabilitation University of Washington  Seattle Washington U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Greg A.","family":"Kinney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromonitoring Program, Department of Rehabilitation University of Washington  Seattle Washington U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vicente","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromonitoring Program, Department of Rehabilitation University of Washington  Seattle Washington U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathryn B.","family":"Whitlock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology Seattle Children's Hospital  Seattle Washington U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0181-3997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan A.","family":"Perkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology Seattle Children's Hospital  Seattle Washington U.S.A."},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery University of Washington  Seattle Washington U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,11]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2005.03.010"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599814568779"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2018.0054"},{"unstructured":"International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies. ISSVA classification for vascular anomalies. Overview table. Vascular anomalies. Vascular tumors ISSVA classification of vascular tumors. Available at:https:\/\/www.issva.org\/UserFiles\/file\/ISSVA-Classification-2018.pdf. Published April2014. 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