{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:48:28Z","timestamp":1786978108848,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,11]],"date-time":"2020-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives\/Hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evaluate technical success, tolerability, and safety of lidocaine iontophoresis and tympanostomy tube placement for children in an office setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective individual cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective multicenter study evaluated in\u2010office tube placement in children ages 6\u2009months through 12\u2009years of age. Anesthesia was achieved via lidocaine\/epinephrine iontophoresis. Tube placement was conducted using an integrated and automated myringotomy and tube delivery system. Anxiolytics, sedation, and papoose board were not used. Technical success and safety were evaluated. Patients 5 to 12\u2009years old self\u2010reported tube placement pain using the Faces Pain Scale\u2013Revised (FPS\u2010R) instrument, which ranges from 0 (no pain) to 10 (very much pain).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children were enrolled into three cohorts with 68, 47, and 222 children in the Operating Room (OR) Lead\u2010In, Office Lead\u2010In, and Pivotal cohorts, respectively. In the Pivotal cohort, there were 120 and 102 children in the &lt;5 and 5\u2010 to 12\u2010year\u2010old age groups, respectively, with a mean age of 2.3 and 7.6\u2009years, respectively. Bilateral tube placement was indicated for 94.2% of children &lt;5 and 88.2% of children 5 to 12\u2009years old. Tubes were successfully placed in all indicated ears in 85.8% (103\/120) of children &lt;5 and 89.2% (91\/102) of children 5 to 12\u2009years old. Mean FPS\u2010R score was 3.30 (standard deviation [SD] =\u20093.39) for tube placement and 1.69 (SD = 2.43) at 5\u2009minutes postprocedure. There were no serious adverse events. Nonserious adverse events occurred at rates similar to standard tympanostomy procedures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In\u2010office tube placement in selected patients can be successfully achieved without requiring sedatives, anxiolytics, or papoose restraints via lidocaine iontophoresis local anesthesia and an automated myringotomy and tube delivery system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      2b\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:italic>Laryngoscope, 130:S1\u2013S9, 2020<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28612","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,11]],"date-time":"2020-03-11T12:12:59Z","timestamp":1583928779000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["In\u2010Office Tympanostomy Tube Placement in Children Using Iontophoresis and Automated Tube Delivery"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"130","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6718-9838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lawrence R.","family":"Lustig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2010 Head and Neck Surgery Columbia University Medical Center  New York New York U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Ingram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced ENT and Allergy  Louisville Kentucky U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. 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