{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T10:19:19Z","timestamp":1779877159305,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,11]],"date-time":"2020-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Management of chronic frontal rhinosinusitis is challenging with high rates of treatment failure, exacerbated by limitations of topical irrigation delivery. We hypothesize that intraoperative zero\u2010degree visualization of the frontal sinus predicts improved postoperative irrigation penetration. Extending a Draf IIa frontal sinusotomy with a limited resection of the middle turbinate axilla\u2010agger nasi complex can allow zero\u2010degree endoscopic visualization of the frontal sinus. This study investigates the change in frontal sinus irrigation delivery after standard Draf IIa frontal sinusotomy versus further resection to achieve zero\u2010degree visualization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a prospective cohort study conducted in a surgical skills laboratory.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The extent of irrigant penetration into the frontal sinuses was evaluated in 10 cadaveric frontal sinuses following Draf IIa sinusotomy using a standardized trephine visualization model. Irrigant penetration was assessed by three blinded reviewers using the following scale: 0 = irrigation restricted to nasal cavity; 1 = irrigation reaches frontal recess; 2 = irrigation reaches frontal sinus proper; 3 = irrigation fills entire frontal sinus. These results were compared to irrigation after achieving zero\u2010degree endoscopic visualization by performing limited resection of the middle turbinate axilla\u2010agger nasi complex.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Irrigant penetration following standard Draf IIa frontal sinusotomy improved after the axilla\u2010agger nasi complex was resected to achieve zero\u2010degree endoscopic visualization (median score 2 [interquartile range: 1\u20132] vs. 3 [interquartile range: 2\u20133], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;\u2009.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study demonstrates improved penetration of frontal sinus irrigation following limited resection of the middle turbinate axilla\u2010agger nasi complex to achieve zero\u2010degree endoscopic visualization of the frontal sinus as compared to standard Draf IIa frontal sinusotomy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>N\/A <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 131:250\u2013254, 2021<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,11]],"date-time":"2020-04-11T12:27:38Z","timestamp":1586608058000},"page":"250-254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["<scp>Zero\u2010Degree<\/scp> Endoscopic Visualization of the Frontal Sinus Predicts Improved Topical Irrigation Delivery"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"131","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2602-0416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel B.","family":"Spielman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Columbia University Irving Medical Center  New York New York 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