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However, it is unknown how pharyngeal swallowing pressure varies in healthy individuals. We hypothesized that: 1) variability would differ among pharyngeal regions; 2) variability would decrease with increased bolus volume; 3) variability would increase with age; and 4) there would be no sex differences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Case series.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used pharyngeal high\u2010resolution manometry to measure swallowing pressure in the following regions: velopharynx, tongue base, hypopharynx, and upper esophageal sphincter. Data were collected from 97 healthy adults (41 male) aged 21 to 89\u2009years during thin liquid swallows: 2\u2009mL, 10\u2009mL, and participant\u2010selected comfortable volume. Pressure variability was measured using coefficient of variation. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to assess impacts of region, bolus volume, age, and sex on pressure variability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was a significant region\u2009\u00d7\u2009volume interaction (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u2009.001) and significant main effect of age (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=\u2009.005). Pressures in the hypopharynx region were more variable than all other regions (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2264\u2009.028), and pressures in the tongue base region were less variable than all other regions (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2264\u2009.002) except at 2\u2009mL volumes (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=\u2009.065). Swallowing pressure variability was significantly different in the velopharynx and upper esophageal sphincter regions, with comfortable volume and 2\u2009mL swallows having greater variability than 10\u2009mL swallows (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2264\u2009.026). Pressure variability significantly increased with increasing age (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=\u2009.002). There were no effects of sex on pressure variability (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2265\u2009.15).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pharyngeal swallowing pressure variability differs according pharyngeal region, volume, and age but not sex. Abnormal swallowing pressure variability may reflect deviations in motor control in persons with swallowing impairment, and results from this study can be used as normative data for future investigations evaluating swallowing pressure generation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>4<jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 131:E52\u2013E58, 2021<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28667","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,18]],"date-time":"2020-04-18T13:28:52Z","timestamp":1587216532000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Swallowing Pressure Variability as a Function of Pharyngeal Region, Bolus Volume, Age, and Sex"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"131","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8719-3068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corinne A.","family":"Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas U.S.A."},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin U.S.A."},{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences &amp; Disorders University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin U.S.A."},{"name":"Neuroscience Training Program University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle R.","family":"Ciucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin U.S.A."},{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences &amp; Disorders University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin U.S.A."},{"name":"Neuroscience Training Program University of 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