{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T10:12:23Z","timestamp":1791972743760,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]],"date-time":"2020-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nasal peak inspiratory flow (NPIF) is a practical and affordable tool that measures maximum inspiratory flow rate through both nostrils. Although NPIF values for healthy controls and patients appear to differ considerably, a generally expected value for populations with and without nasal obstruction has yet to be established. The aim of this systematic review and meta\u2010analysis was to determine the mean NPIF value in populations with and without nasal obstruction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medline (1946\u2013) and Embase (1947\u2013) were searched until July 1, 2017. A search strategy was used to identify studies that reported NPIF values for defined healthy or disease states. All studies providing original data were included. The study population was defined as having either normal nasal breathing or nasal obstruction. A meta\u2010analysis of the mean data was presented in forest plots, and data were presented as mean (95% confidence interval [CI]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The search yielded 1,526 studies, of which 29 were included. The included studies involved 1,634 subjects with normal nasal breathing and 817 subjects with nasal obstruction. The mean NPIF value for populations with normal nasal breathing was 138.4 (95% CI: 127.9\u2010148.8) L\/min. The mean value for populations with nasal obstruction was 97.5 (95% CI: 86.1\u2010108.8) L\/min.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Current evidence confirms a difference between mean NPIF values of populations with and without nasal obstruction. The mean value of subjects with no nasal obstruction is 138.4\u2009L\/min, and the mean value of nasally obstructed populations is 97.5\u2009L\/min. Prospective studies adopting a standardized procedure are required to further assess normative NPIF values.\n                      <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>\n                      , 131:260\u2013267, 2021\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]],"date-time":"2020-05-09T08:31:46Z","timestamp":1589013106000},"page":"260-267","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Nasal Peak Inspiratory Flow in Healthy and Obstructed Patients: Systematic Review and\n                    <scp>Meta\u2010Analysis<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"131","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7830-0340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shirley","family":"Mo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rhinology and Skull Base Research Group, St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sai S.","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rhinology and Skull Base Research Group, St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Stroud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rhinology and Skull Base Research Group, St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Strazdins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rhinology and Skull Base Research Group, St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5779-963X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aneeza W.","family":"Hamizan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rhinology and Skull Base Research Group, St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Rimmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rhinology and Skull Base Research Group, St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"St. Vincent's Clinic, St. Vincent's Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"The Woolcock Institute, Sydney University  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Alvarado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rhinology and Skull Base Research Group, St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larry","family":"Kalish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rhinology and Skull Base Research Group, St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Concord General Hospital, University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Harvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rhinology and Skull Base Research Group, St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Macquarie University  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.12.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348941112000608"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"473","article-title":"Peak nasal inspiratory flow evaluation as an objective method of measuring nasal airflow","volume":"77","author":"Teixeira RU","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev Bras Otorrinolaringol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2005.00779.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin15.180"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"32","article-title":"Peak nasal inspiratory flow; normal range in adult population","volume":"44","author":"Ottaviano G","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin13.109"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhino10.072"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin13.126"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21239"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2014.1456"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489414526694"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.112.6.1547"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2011.25.3602"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e318161e56b"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhino10.097"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","first-page":"389","article-title":"PNIF measurement in a healthy French population. A prospective study about 234 patients","volume":"47","author":"Klossek JM","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215111000181"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","unstructured":"MacaskillP GatsonisC DeeksJ HarbordR TakwoingiY.Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Diagnostic Test Accuracy. Version 1.0. London United Kingdom: The Cochrane Collaboration;2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","first-page":"206","article-title":"Peak nasal inspiratory and expiratory flow measurements\u2014practical tools in primary care?","volume":"41","author":"Blomgren K","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin13.203"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2011.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)62449-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2745.2002.01509.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-0477.2001.01252.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)62250-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","first-page":"142","article-title":"Effects of leukotriene receptor antagonist therapy in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis in a real life rhinology clinic setting","volume":"39","author":"Wilson AM","year":"2001","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin09.141"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin14.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin16.085"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","first-page":"200","article-title":"Does peak nasal inspiratory flow relate to peak expiratory flow?","volume":"46","author":"Ottaviano G","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin12.071"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-013-2875-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e318280263a"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2013.07.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","first-page":"191","article-title":"Assessment of nasal obstruction. A comparison between rhinomanometry and nasal inspiratory peak flow","volume":"28","author":"Holmstrom M","year":"1990","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aller.2011.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2014.28.4008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215115000523"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24810"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(88)90032-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","first-page":"1205","article-title":"The validity of peak nasal inspiratory flow as a screening tool for nasal obstruction","volume":"95","author":"Rujanavej V","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100130282"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2273.1991.tb01978.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GoncalvesI PereiraAM JacintoT et al. Reference equations for peak nasal inspiratory flow in Portuguese adults.Eur Respir J2015;46:PA946.","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2015.PA946"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","first-page":"320","article-title":"An attempt to estimate potentially useful parameters to evaluate the normal range of nasal peak inspiratory flow","volume":"79","author":"Dor\u2010Wojnarowska A","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pneumonol Alergol Pol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","unstructured":"Dor\u2010WojnarowskaA LiebhartJ RabskiM FalA PanaszekB SamolinskiB. Repeatability of peak nasal inspiratory flow rate (PNIF) measurements and its change after administration of 0.05% oxymetazoline.Eur Respir J2012;40:P2242;."}],"container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Flary.28682","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lary.28682","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/lary.28682","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lary.28682","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,2]],"date-time":"2023-09-02T04:04:40Z","timestamp":1693627480000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lary.28682"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lary.28682"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.28682","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-852X","1531-4995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-852X","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-4995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-02-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-03-13","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-05-09","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}