{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T01:38:32Z","timestamp":1783993112085,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]],"date-time":"2020-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the safety and effectiveness of the middle cranial fossa (MCF) approach in repairing spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (sCSF) leaks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patient with sCSF leaks repaired by MCF approach between January 1, 2014 and August 31, 2019 were included. Demographic information, clinical and surgical findings, and postoperative outcomes were recorded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The cohort (n = 45) included 24 tegmen repairs by multilayer reconstruction using hydroxyapatite cement and 21 cases of multilayer repair without hydroxyapatite cement. Ten MCF repairs were performed on patients \u226565\u2009years old. Twenty (53%) ears had multiple tegmen defects (range, 1\u20139 tegmen defects) and 78% of patients had \u22651 encephaloceles. All sCSF leaks were resolved with one surgical intervention. There were no major intracranial complications. Transient expressive aphasia occurred in 2 patients. Medical complications occurred in four patients. There were no short\u2010term postoperative CSF leaks with bone cement reconstruction and two postoperative leaks without bone cement. One resolved with lumbar drain (LD) and the other resolved without treatment. The average (SD) length of stay (LOS) with bone cement was shorter than in patients without bone cement (2.54 [0.83] days vs. 3.52 [1.99] days, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;\u2009.05). There have been no long\u2010term CSF leak recurrences with an average (SD) follow\u2010up of 13.5 (12.9) months (range 0.25\u201346\u2009months).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>MCF approach for sCSF repairs demonstrate efficacious outcomes, particularly with tegmen reconstruction using hydroxyapatite cement. The approach exhibited no serious adverse events and few complications requiring intervention. Therefore, MCF is a safe and effective approach to resolve sCSF leaks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>3 <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 131:624\u2013632, 2021<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]],"date-time":"2020-05-19T21:24:27Z","timestamp":1589923467000},"page":"624-632","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Middle Cranial Fossa Repair of Temporal Bone Spontaneous <scp>CSF<\/scp> Leaks With Hydroxyapatite Bone Cement"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"131","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8311-4040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamedkazim M.","family":"Alwani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Indiana University School of Medicine  Indianapolis Indiana 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