{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T01:12:27Z","timestamp":1785892347782,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]],"date-time":"2020-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIH R01\u2010HL146401\u201001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH R01\u2010HL146401\u201001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives\/Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>Characterization of the localized adaptive immune response in the airway scar of patients with idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Basic Science.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Utilizing 36 patients with subglottic stenosis (25 idiopathic subglottic stenosis [iSGS], 10 iatrogenic post\u2010intubation stenosis [iLTS], and one granulomatosis with polyangiitis [GPA]) we applied immunohistochemical and immunologic techniques coupled with RNA sequencing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>iSGS, iLTS, and GPA demonstrate a significant immune infiltrate in the subglottic scar consisting of adaptive cell subsets (T cells along with dendritic cells). Interrogation of T cell subtypes showed significantly more CD69<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> CD103<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> tissue resident memory T cells (T<jats:sub>RM<\/jats:sub>) in the iSGS airway scar than iLTS specimens (iSGS vs. iLTS; 50% vs. 28%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> =\u2009.0065). Additionally, subglottic CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> clones possessed T\u2010cell receptor (TCR) sequences with known antigen specificity for viral and intracellular pathogens.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The human subglottis is significantly enriched for CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> tissue resident memory T cells in iSGS, which possess TCR sequences proven to recognize viral and intracellular pathogens. These results inform our understanding of iSGS, provide a direction for future discovery, and demonstrate immunologic function in the human proximal airway. <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 131:610\u2013617, 2021<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28840","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]],"date-time":"2020-06-30T21:05:34Z","timestamp":1593551134000},"page":"610-617","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["The Proximal Airway Is a Reservoir for Adaptive Immunologic Memory in Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"131","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0078-1305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Gelbard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head &amp; Neck Surgery Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celestine","family":"Wanjalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher T.","family":"Wootten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head &amp; Neck Surgery Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wonder P.","family":"Drake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne S.","family":"Lowery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head &amp; Neck Surgery Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Wheeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria F.","family":"Cardenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew G.","family":"Sikora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head &amp; Neck Surgery Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravi R.","family":"Pathak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bobby R. 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