{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T22:17:54Z","timestamp":1790720274248,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,13]],"date-time":"2020-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 108\u20102314\u2010B\u2010002\u2010181\u2010MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 108\u20102314\u2010B\u2010002\u2010181\u2010MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cone\u2010beam computed tomography (CBCT) offers three\u2010dimensional structures in assessing upper airway of patients. This study aims to compare the cone\u2010beam computerized tomography scan measurements between children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and primary snoring.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Case\u2013control study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This prospective study was conducted in a tertiary referral center. Thirty\u2010six children with moderate\u2010to\u2010severe OSA (with apnea\u2010hypopnea index [AHI]\u2009&gt;\u20095 events\/hour) and 36 age\u2010, gender\u2010, and obesity\u2010matched children with primary snoring (AHI &lt;1) were enrolled. The measurements in CBCT parameters were compared between children with moderate\u2010to\u2010severe OSA and primary snorers by conditional logistic regression model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 72 children (mean age, 7.9\u2009\u00b1\u20092.8\u2009years; 64% male) were included. Children with moderate\u2010to\u2010severe OSA had a significantly smaller nasopharyngeal (2900\u2009\u00b1\u20091400 vs. 3800\u2009\u00b1\u20091800\u2009mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .017) and oropharyngeal airway volume (5600\u2009\u00b1\u20092700 vs. 7400\u2009\u00b1\u20094000\u2009mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .026) than those with primary snoring. Children with moderate\u2010to\u2010severe OSA, as compared to primary snorers, also had a significantly smaller minimal airway area in nasopharynx (77.4\u2009\u00b1\u200937.7 vs. 107.7\u2009\u00b1\u200952.0\u2009mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .006) and oropharynx (66.6\u2009\u00b1\u200961.9 vs. 101.6\u2009\u00b1\u200965.8\u2009mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .023). Moreover, the airway length was not significantly different between children with moderate\u2010to\u2010severe OSA and primary snoring.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The three\u2010dimensional CBCT airway analysis could be used as a useful tool to evaluate upper airway in children with OSA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>3 <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 131:680\u2013685, 2021<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28863","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,13]],"date-time":"2020-07-13T15:10:45Z","timestamp":1594653045000},"page":"680-685","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Evaluation of Upper Airway in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Using <scp>Cone\u2010Beam<\/scp> Computed Tomography"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"131","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8583-8459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei\u2010Chung","family":"Hsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology National Taiwan University Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Sleep Center National Taiwan University Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4421-9261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kun\u2010Tai","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology National Taiwan University Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei Hospital Ministry of Health and Welfare  New Taipei City Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chung\u2010Chen Jane","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep Center National Taiwan University Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Dentistry National Taiwan University Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen\u2010Han","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology National Taiwan University Hospital Yun\u2010Lin branch  Yunlin County Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen\u2010Chin","family":"Weng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep Center National Taiwan University Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics National Taiwan University Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei\u2010Lin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep Center National Taiwan University Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of 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