{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T15:13:21Z","timestamp":1791645201117,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,15]],"date-time":"2020-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002595","name":"American Otological Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Research Grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Research Grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>No hearing\u2010related quality of life (QL) questionnaire currently exists for children &lt;\u20097\u2009years. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the construct validity and reliability of a new parent\u2010proxy Preschool Hearing Environments and Reflection on Quality of Life (HEAR\u2010QL) questionnaire.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Parents of children 2 to 6\u2009years old with any hearing loss (HL) were recruited from multiple sites. To evaluate the new measure's construct validity, participants completed a 70\u2010item preschool HEAR\u2010QL and validated questionnaires measuring hearing and communication functioning (Parents' Evaluation of Aural\/Oral Performance of Children), generic pediatric QL (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Parent Report, PedsQL), family functioning (PedsQL Family Impact Module), and parent well\u2010being (Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Adult Global Report). Participants completed the preschool HEAR\u2010QL 2\u2009weeks later to measure test\u2013retest reliability. Exploratory principal components analysis was used to reduce the number of items and determine the underlying HEAR\u2010QL factor structure. Analysis of variance examined HEAR\u2010QL differences by HL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 205 parents, 144 had children with bilateral HL, 50 had children with unilateral HL, 10 had children with normal hearing (NH), and one child's hearing status was unspecified. The 70\u2010item questionnaire was reduced to 23 items with five underlying factors: Behavior and Attention, Hearing Environments, New Social Situations, Social Interactions, and Communication. Cronbach's alpha for each factor ranged from 0.80 to 0.91. Test\u2013retest reliability was 0.93. Moderate\u2010to\u2010strong correlations (r\u2009&gt;\u2009.300) were observed between each Preschool HEAR\u2010QL factor and previously validated measures. Hearing Environments scores differed significantly between children with NH and any HL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Preschool HEAR\u2010QL correlations with other measures supported its construct validity. Discriminant validity testing requires a larger sample of children with NH.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>NA <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 131:663\u2013670, 2021<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.28891","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,15]],"date-time":"2020-07-15T18:39:31Z","timestamp":1594838371000},"page":"663-670","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Validation of a Parent Proxy <scp>Quality\u2010of\u2010Life<\/scp> Measure for Young Children With Hearing Loss"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"Cathy Y.","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis Missouri U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donna B.","family":"Jeffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis Missouri U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0851-9272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margaret A.","family":"Kenna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Germiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital of Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine  Philadelphia Pennsylvania U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7933-5601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judith E.C.","family":"Lieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Washington University School of Medicine  St. Louis Missouri 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