{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T09:29:50Z","timestamp":1773739790296,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]],"date-time":"2020-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Janus kinase\/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK\u2013STAT) pathway play a key role in immune modulation, especially in the polarization of T helper cells. JAK inhibitors reduce inflammation by inhibiting the phosphorylation of STAT. We investigated whether a JAK inhibitor, tofacitinib, can reduce inflammation in a mouse model of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>An eosinophilic CRSwNP model was induced using 4\u2010week\u2010old BALB\/c mice. The therapeutic effects of topical tofacitinib were compared with the effects of triamcinolone acetonide (TAC). Polyp formation and eosinophilic infiltration were assessed by histology. Levels of phosphorylated STAT (pSTAT), eosinophil cationic protein, and eotaxin were measured by immunohistochemistry. Gene expression levels of GATA\u20103 was measured using quantitative PCR. The production of cytokines in sinonasal tissues, including interleukin IL\u20104, IL\u20105, IL\u201012, and interferon\u2010\u03b3, were measured using enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Topical tofacitinib administration significantly reduced the number of polyp\u2010like lesions and the degree of eosinophilic infiltration, with an efficacy comparable with that of systemic TAC administration. Similarly, the levels of pSTAT6, eosinophil cationic protein, and eotaxin decreased with tofacitinib treatment. Tofacitinib decreased the gene expression level of GATA\u20103. Lastly, tofacitinib significantly decreased IL\u20104 and IL\u20105 production to a similar extent as that by systemic or topical TAC administration. Tofacitinib, but not TAC, significantly increased the production of interferon\u2010\u03b3.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Topical tofacitinib administration may be an effective treatment for eosinophilic CRSwNP by inhibiting phosphorylation of STATs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>N\/A. <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 131:E1400\u2013E1407, 2021<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]],"date-time":"2020-09-29T12:49:35Z","timestamp":1601383775000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Therapeutic Effects of Intranasal Tofacitinib on Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"131","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4011-3475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeon\u2010Hee","family":"Joo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital and Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine  Changwon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6518-351X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyun\u2010Jin","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Gyeongsang National University Hospital and Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine  Jinju Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences Gyeongsang National University  Jinju Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0285-5534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yung 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Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sea\u2010Yuong","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yeil ENT Clinic  Changwon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young Sun","family":"Suh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital and Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine  Changwon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6325-0398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jung Je","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Gyeongsang National University Hospital and Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine  Jinju Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences Gyeongsang National University  Jinju Republic of 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