{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T10:39:40Z","timestamp":1783420780476,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,3]],"date-time":"2020-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To highlight the feasibility and evaluate the outcomes of the transorbital endoscopic approach (TOEA) in the management of frontal sinus cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective case series.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The database of patients with frontal sinus CSF leaks managed with TOEA from January 2017 through December 2019 at our institution was reviewed. Two videos of clinical case examples are presented.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixteen patients (10 males, 6 females, mean age 53; range 21\u201361\u2009years) underwent TOEA through the superior eyelid corridor for the repair of frontal sinus CSF leak. The most common etiology of the CSF leak was trauma (nine cases; 56.3%), followed by injury from iatrogenic causes in six cases (37.5%), and spontaneous leak in one case (6.2%). Average defect size was 8.8\u2009mm (range 2.0\u201320.8\u2009mm). Ten patients were revision cases who had undergone prior nontransorbital CSF leak repair at outside institutions. All patients underwent successful repair via TOEA without postoperative complications. Complete resolution was maintained in all cases. Mean follow\u2010up period was 11\u2009months (range 6\u201322\u2009months).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>TOEA is a safe minimally disruptive alternative for definitive management of frontal sinus CSF leak in well\u2010selected primary or revision cases. Further studies are necessary to define its indications and outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>4 <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 131:1753\u20131757, 2021<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,3]],"date-time":"2020-10-03T11:01:34Z","timestamp":1601722894000},"page":"1753-1757","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Transorbital Endoscopic Approach for Repair of Frontal Sinus Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks: Case\u2010Series"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"131","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3866-4569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raywat","family":"Noiphithak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Thammasat University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Thammasat University  Pathumthani 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