{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T18:58:32Z","timestamp":1767898712051,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]],"date-time":"2020-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives\/Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>The emergence of a new coronavirus strain (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) in December 2019 from China led to a global pandemic. The lack of herd immunity against this virus and the possibility of viral spread from asymptomatic individuals is still a major challenge for the prevention of viral transmission. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of the virus in different bodily secretions as a potential source of viral spread among patients infected with SARS\u2010CoV\u20102.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross Sectional Study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study included 38 COVID\u201019 patients with a positive real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction (RT\u2010PCR) test result for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102, obtained from the combined nasopharyngeal\u2013oropharyngeal swab samples. Saliva, tear, and cerumen samples were taken from the patients within 72\u2009hours of the first RT\u2010PCR test. SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2009N1 and N2 gene regions were studied with single\u2010step RT\u2010PCR in all samples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among the studied samples, the highest positivity rate was in saliva (76.3%) followed by tears (55.3%) and cerumen (39.5%). Viral load in saliva was also significantly higher compared to tears and cerumen (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt;\u2009.001), while there was no significant difference between tears and cerumen. Higher viral load in combined nasopharyngeal\u2013oropharyngeal swab samples was associated with higher viral load in tears, but not in saliva or cerumen. Half of the saliva, tear, and cerumen samples obtained from asymptomatic patients contained SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 genome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The virus was detected in the saliva, tears, and cerumen samples of both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. The potential role of these bodily fluids on viral spread needs to be studied.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>4 <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 131:E1677\u2013E1682, 2021<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,23]],"date-time":"2020-10-23T12:26:16Z","timestamp":1603455976000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["<scp>SARS\u2010CoV<\/scp>\u20102 Presence in the Saliva, Tears, and Cerumen of <scp>COVID<\/scp>\u201019 Patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"Fatih M.","family":"Hanege","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Istanbul Medeniyet University Faculty of Medicine  Istanbul Turkey"},{"name":"Drhanege Clinic  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esra","family":"Kocoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology Istanbul Medeniyet University Faculty of Medicine  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6803-5467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmut T.","family":"Kalcioglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Istanbul Medeniyet University Faculty of Medicine  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Serdal","family":"Celik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Istanbul Medeniyet University Faculty of Medicine  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasemin","family":"Cag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Istanbul Medeniyet University Faculty of Medicine  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fehim","family":"Esen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Istanbul Medeniyet University Faculty of Medicine  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eray","family":"Bayindir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Istanbul Medeniyet University Faculty of Medicine  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sadrettin","family":"Pence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology Istanbul Medeniyet University Faculty of Medicine  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emine","family":"Alp Mese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Canan","family":"Agalar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Saglik Bilimleri University Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe2001329"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization Director\u2010General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID\u201019. Available at:https:\/\/www.who.int\/dg\/speeches\/detail\/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19-11-march-2020. Accessed March 11 2020 [Internet]. 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