{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:50:42Z","timestamp":1790805042181,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":135,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,5]],"date-time":"2020-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives\/Hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Olfactory dysfunction has been observed as one of the clinical manifestations in COVID\u201019 patients. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis to estimate the overall pooled prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in COVID\u201019 patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systematic review and meta\u2010analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar databases were searched to identify studies published between 1 December 2019 and 23 July 2020. We used random\u2010effects model to estimate the pooled prevalence with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was assessed using the\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>\n                        <jats:italic>2<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sup>\n                      statistic and Cochran's Q test. Robustness of the pooled estimates was checked by different subgroup and sensitivity analyses This study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020183768).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 1162 studies, of which 83 studies (n = 27492, 61.4% female) were included in the meta\u2010analysis. Overall, the pooled prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in COVID\u201019 patients was 47.85% [95% CI: 41.20\u201354.50]. We observed olfactory dysfunction in 54.40% European, 51.11% North American, 31.39% Asian, and 10.71% Australian COVID\u201019 patients. Anosmia, hyposmia, and dysosmia were observed in 35.39%, 36.15%, and 2.53% of the patients, respectively. There were discrepancies in the results of studies with objective (higher prevalence) versus subjective (lower prevalence) evaluations. The discrepancy might be due to false\u2010negative reporting observed in self\u2010reported health measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in COVID\u201019 patients was found to be 47.85% based on high\u2010quality evidence. Due to the subjective measures of most studies pooled in the analysis, further studies with objective measures are advocated to confirm the finding.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      2\n                      <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>\n                      , 131:865\u2013878, 2021\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,21]],"date-time":"2020-11-21T04:13:59Z","timestamp":1605932039000},"page":"865-878","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":185,"title":["Prevalence of Olfactory Dysfunction in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (\n                    <scp>COVID<\/scp>\n                    \u201019): A Meta\u2010analysis of 27,492 Patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"131","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1974-4379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeyasakthy","family":"Saniasiaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya, Jalan University  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5937-6473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Asiful","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia  Kubang Kerian Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9138-9215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baharudin","family":"Abdullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia  Kubang Kerian Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"WHO.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) Weekly Epidemiological Update. 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