{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T14:13:50Z","timestamp":1781014430206,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,25]],"date-time":"2020-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002745","name":"Bayerische Forschungsstiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AZ\u2010930\u201010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AZ\u2010930\u201010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002745","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives\/Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>Injection laryngoplasty of materials for unilateral vocal\u2010fold paralysis has shown various results regarding the long\u2010term stability of the injected material. We evaluated a fibrin\u2010gel based cell suspension with autologous chondrocytes <jats:italic>in\u2010vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in\u2010vivo<\/jats:italic> as long\u2010term\u2010stable vocal\u2010fold augmentation material in an animal model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study compises an <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> cell\u2010culture part as well as an <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> animal study with New Zealand White Rabbits.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In in\u2010vitro experiments, auricular chondrocytes harvested from 24 New Zealand White Rabbits cadavers were cultivated in pellet cultures to evaluate cartilage formation for 4\u2009weeks using long\u2010term\u2010stable fibrin gel as carrier. Injectability and injection volume for the laryngoplasty was determined in\u2010vitro using harvested cadaveric larynxes. In\u2010vivo 24 Rabbits were biopsied for elastic cartilage of the ear and autologous P1 cells were injected lateral of one vocal cord into the paraglottic space suspended in a long\u2010term\u2010stable fibrin gel. Histologic evaluation was performed after 2, 4, 12, and 24\u2009weeks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During 12\u2010week pellet culture, we found extracellular matrix formation and weight\u2010stable cartilage of mature appearance. <jats:italic>In\u2010vivo<\/jats:italic>, mature cartilage was found in two larynxes (n = 6) at 4\u2009weeks, in four (n = 6) at 12\u2009weeks, and in five (n = 6) at 24\u2009weeks mostly located in the paraglottic space and sometimes with spurs into the vocalis muscle. Surrounding tissue was often infiltrated with inflammatory cells. Material tended to dislocate through the cricothyroid space into the extraglottic surrounding tissue.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cell\u2010based approach with chondrocytes for permanent vocal\u2010fold augmentation has not previously been reported. We have achieved the formation of structurally mature cartilage in the paraglottic space, but this is accompanied by difficulties with dislocated material, deformation of the augmentation, and inflammation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>N\/A <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 131:E1624\u2013E1632, 2021<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,25]],"date-time":"2020-12-25T10:13:01Z","timestamp":1608891181000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Fibrin Gel Suspended Autologous Chondrocytes as Cell\u2010based Material for long\u2010term Injection Laryngoplasty"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"131","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6623-5150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Stefanie 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