{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:46:55Z","timestamp":1772758015864,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]],"date-time":"2022-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641859200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#am"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,11]],"date-time":"2021-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000182","name":"Medical Research and Materiel Command","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000182","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006229","name":"Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006229","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective\/Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>We examined a neuroinflammatory response associated with glial activation in the cochlea exposed to blast overpressure and evaluated the potential therapeutic efficacy of specialized pro\u2010resolving mediators such as neuroprotectin D1, NPD1; (10R, 17S\u2010dihydroxy\u20104Z, 7Z, 11E, 13E, 15Z, 19Z\u2010docosahexaenoic acid) in a rodent blast\u2010induced auditory injury model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Animal Research.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A compressed\u2010air driven shock tube was used to expose anesthetized adult male Long\u2010Evan rats to shock waves simulating an open\u2010field blast exposure. Approximately 30\u2009minutes after blast exposure, rats were treated with NPD1 (100\u2009ng\/kg body wt.) or vehicle delivered intravenously via tail vein injection. Rats were then euthanized 48\u2009hours after blast exposure. Unexposed rats were included as controls. Tissue sections containing both middle and inner ear were prepared with hematoxylin\u2013eosin staining to elucidate histopathological changes associated with blast exposure. Cochlear tissues were evaluated for relative expression of ionized calcium\u2010binding adaptor 1 (Iba1), as an indicator of microglial activation by immunohistochemistry and western blot analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our animal model resulted in an acute injury mechanism manifested by damage to the tympanic membrane, hemorrhage, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and increased expression of Iba1 protein. Moreover, therapeutic intervention with NPD1 significantly reduced Iba1 expression in the cochlea, suggesting a reduction of a neuroinflammatory response caused by blast overpressure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Blast overpressure resulted in an increased expression of proteins involved in gliosis within the auditory system, which were reduced by NPD1. Treatment of NPD1 suggests an effective strategy to reduce or halt auditory microglial cell activation due to primary blast exposure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>NA <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 131:E2018\u2013E2025, 2021<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T04:52:36Z","timestamp":1610686356000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Neuroprotectin <scp>D1<\/scp> Attenuates Blast Overpressure Induced Reactive Microglial Cells in the Cochlea"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9 David","family":"R\u00edos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston  San Antonio Texas U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlotte K.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston  San Antonio Texas U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Lally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston  San Antonio Texas U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Wienandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston  San Antonio Texas U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Esquivel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Defense (DoD) Hearing Center of Excellence Defense Health Agency, Joint Base San Antonio\u2010Lackland  San Antonio Texas U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles N.","family":"Serhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Anesthesia, Perioperative and Pain Medicine Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erik K.","family":"Weitzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston  San Antonio Texas U.S.A."},{"name":"Department of Defense (DoD) Hearing Center of Excellence Defense Health Agency, Joint Base San Antonio\u2010Lackland  San Antonio Texas U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED.172.7.726"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.08.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e318163b875"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000616"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","unstructured":"GreerN SayerN KramerM KoellerE VelasquezT.Prevalence and epidemiology of combat blast injuries from the military cohort 2001\u20132014. 2016. 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