{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T14:13:57Z","timestamp":1776089637912,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]],"date-time":"2021-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous research has shown that effective application of angiolytic lasers in microlaryngeal surgery is determined by wavelength, pulse width (PW), and fluence. Recently, a 445\u2010nm (blue) laser (BL) has been developed with a potentially greater hemoglobin absorption than previous lasers. The chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) represents a suitable model for testing various settings to find out the most optimal settings of this laser. This study used the CAM model to examine whether successful photoangiolytic effects could be obtained using BL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seven hundred and ninety three third\u2010order vascular segments of viable CAM were irradiated using BL via 400\u2010\u03bcm diameter fiber, 1 pulse\/second, with PW and power varied systematically at standardized fiber\u2010to\u2010vessel distances of 1 and 3\u2009mm. Outcome measures including vessel ablation rate (AR), rupture rate (RR), and visible tissue effects were analyzed using Chi\u2010square test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Energy levels of 400, 540, and 600\u2009mJ (per pulse) were most effective for vessel ablation. A working distance of 3\u2009mm resulted in higher ablation and less vessel rupture compared with 1\u2009mm at these optimal energy levels. At 3\u2009mm, a longer PW resulted in higher AR. At 1\u2009mm, AR increased with shorter PW and higher power. The 1\u2010mm working distance resulted in lower tissue effects than 3\u2009mm.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Findings in this study showed that BL was effective in vessel ablation using relevant combination of working distance, PW, and energy levels. To obtain high AR, longer working distance plus longer PW was required and if working distance was reduced, shorter PW should be set.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>NA <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 131:E1950\u2013E1956, 2021<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]],"date-time":"2021-01-18T14:00:42Z","timestamp":1610978442000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Effects of 445\u2010nm Laser on Vessels of Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane with Implications to Microlaryngeal Laser Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"131","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8097-8938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duy Duong","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Voice Research Laboratory, Susan Wakil Health Building, Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney  Camperdown New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing\u2010Yin","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ENT Khoo Teck Puat Hospital  Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8114-1427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine","family":"Madill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Voice Research Laboratory, Susan Wakil Health Building, Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney  Camperdown New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3839-1353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Novakovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Voice Research Laboratory, Susan Wakil Health Building, Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney  Camperdown New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery The Canterbury Hospital  Campsie New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2016.11.51"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e31816902bb"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1700481"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02030737"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.1900030303"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940611500802"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489414526688"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0b013e3282f1fbb2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940811701203"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940811700505"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2015.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archoto.2010.81"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215109991824"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-202X.2004.22241.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/mlg.0b013e31802b5c1c"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940611500905"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.10224"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12398548"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.1900010310"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940311200902"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940211100603"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-018-4974-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","unstructured":"A.R.C. 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