{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:51:32Z","timestamp":1786978292716,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]],"date-time":"2020-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Functional dysphonia (FD) is one of the possible presentations of chronic dysphonia. Defined as dysphonia without gross abnormality of the larynx, FD manifests as aberrant muscle contractions resulting in mild\u2010to\u2010severe dysphonia. Despite increasing clinical awareness, diagnosis, and treatment strategies for FD remain challenging.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Institutional review board.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective review of videostroboscopic examinations and EMR data from 109 patients treated for FD was performed. Videostroboscopy was analyzed by two independent reviewers and classified by laryngeal posturing and observer\u2010rated quality of voice. Medical records were reviewed and patient characteristics, history of disease, and survey responses were collected. Statistics were calculated using JMP and SAS packages.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 85.1% of subjects were female and the average voice handicap index (VHI30) score was 71.0\/120. Average time to diagnosis of FD was 688\u2009days and average time from diagnosis to treatment was 3.7\u2009days. 44.0% of patients exhibited hyperadducted laryngeal posturing, 31.9% hypoadducted, and 24.2% showed a mixed posture. 98% of patient voices improved after treatment. 85% returned to normal voice and 10% maintained a mild residual dysphonia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We describe here a large cohort of patients affected by FD, including clinical presentation and videostroboscopic findings. Our data show that most individuals with FD improve after specialized voice therapy once correctly diagnosed but that correct diagnosis and proper treatment was often significantly delayed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      4\u2014Case\u2010series\n                      <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>\n                      , 131:E1957\u2013E1964, 2021\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]],"date-time":"2020-12-28T15:28:10Z","timestamp":1609169290000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Characterization of Functional Dysphonia: Pre\u2010 and\n                    <scp>Post\u2010Treatment<\/scp>\n                    Findings"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"131","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7371-9364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William S.","family":"Tierney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic Head and Neck Institute  Cleveland Ohio U.S.A."},{"name":"Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine  Cleveland Ohio U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4459-0746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roy","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine  Cleveland Ohio U.S.A."},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery Massachusetts Eye and Ear  Boston Massachusetts U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio F.","family":"Milstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic Head and Neck Institute  Cleveland Ohio U.S.A."},{"name":"Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine  Cleveland Ohio U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21058"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599817751030"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198601000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200103000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489309135839"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","volume-title":"Greene and Mathieson's the Voice and its Disorders","author":"Mathieson L","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","volume-title":"Clinical Voice Disorders","author":"Aronson 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