{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T08:09:36Z","timestamp":1778054976107,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]],"date-time":"2021-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007172","name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Research Innovation"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Research Innovation"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007172","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007172","name":"Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Pilot Funding Program"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Pilot Funding Program"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007172","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIH K99 HL144822"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH K99 HL144822"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIH T32 HL007752"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH T32 HL007752"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective\/Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the ability of ultra\u2010short echo time (UTE)\u2010MRI to detect subglottic stenosis (SGS) and evaluate response to balloon dilation. To correlate measurements from UTE\u2010MRI with endotracheal\u2010tube (ETT)\u2010sizing and to investigate whether SGS causes change in airway dynamics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Animal research study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eight adult New\u2010Zealand white rabbits were used as they approximate neonatal airway\u2010size. The airways were measured using ETT\u2010sizing and 3D UTE\u2010MRI at baseline, 2\u2009weeks post\u2010cauterization induced SGS injury, and post\u2010balloon dilation treatment. UTE\u2010MR images were acquired to determine airway anatomy and motion. Airways were segmented from MR images. Cross\u2010sectional area (CSA), major and minor diameters (<jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>major<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>minor<\/jats:sub>), and eccentricity were measured.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Post\u2010injury CSA at SGS was significantly reduced (mean 38%) compared to baseline (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .003) using UTE\u2010MRI. ETT\u2010sizing correlated significantly with MRI\u2010measured CSA at the SGS location (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.6; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01), particularly at the post\u2010injury timepoint (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.93; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01). Outer diameter from ETT\u2010sizing (OD) correlated significantly with <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>major<\/jats:sub> (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.63; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01) from UTE\u2010MRI at the SGS location, especially for the post\u2010injury timepoint (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.91; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01). Mean CSA of upper trachea did not change significantly between end\u2010expiration and end\u2010inspiration at any timepoint (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u2009.05). Eccentricity of the upper trachea increased significantly post\u2010balloon dilation (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>UTE\u2010MRI successfully detected SGS and treatment response in the rabbit model, with good correlation to ETT\u2010sizing. Balloon dilation increased CSA at SGS, but not to baseline values. SGS did not alter dynamic motion for the trachea in this rabbit model; however, tracheas were significantly eccentric post\u2010balloon dilation. UTE\u2010MRI can detect SGS without sedation or ionizing radiation and may be a non\u2010invasive alternative to ETT\u2010sizing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>NA <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 131:E1971\u2013E1979, 2021<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]],"date-time":"2021-01-06T05:40:57Z","timestamp":1609911657000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Quantitative Evaluation of Subglottic Stenosis Using Ultrashort Echo Time <scp>MRI<\/scp> in a Rabbit Model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"131","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9479-5427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deep B.","family":"Gandhi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati Ohio U.S.A."},{"name":"Department of Radiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati Ohio U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Rice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine University of Cincinnati  Cincinnati Ohio U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chamindu C.","family":"Gunatilaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati Ohio U.S.A."},{"name":"Department of Physics University of Cincinnati  Cincinnati Ohio U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6233-161X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nara S.","family":"Higano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati Ohio U.S.A."},{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati Ohio U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Fleck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati Ohio U.S.A."},{"name":"Department of Radiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati Ohio U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4792-4676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"de Alarcon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati Ohio U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0670-9937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine K.","family":"Hart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati Ohio U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I\u2010Chun","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Sleep Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raouf S.","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center  Cincinnati Ohio U.S.A."},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine University of Cincinnati  Cincinnati Ohio U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason C.","family":"Woods","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical 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