{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T01:19:21Z","timestamp":1772759961095,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]],"date-time":"2021-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009480","name":"Stichting Vrienden van het Sophia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009480","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives\/Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dysphonia is a common problem at long\u2010term follow\u2010up after airway surgery for laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) with major impact on quality of life. Dysphonia after LTS can be caused by scar tissue from initial stenosis along with anatomical alterations after surgery. There is need for a modality to noninvasively image structure and function of the reconstructed upper airways including the vocal cords to assess voice outcome and possible treatment after LTS. Our objective was to correlate vocal cord structure and function of patients after airway reconstruction for LTS on static and dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to voice outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Voice outcome was assessed by voice questionnaires ((pediatric) Voice Handicap Index (p)VHI)) and the Dysphonia Severity Index (DSI). Postsurgical anatomy, airway lumen, and vocal cord thickness and movement on multiplanar static high\u2010resolution MRI and dynamic acquisitions during phonation was correlated to voice outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010eight patients (age 14.4 (range 7.5\u201330.7) years) and 11 healthy volunteers (15.9 (8.2\u201328.8) years) were included. Static MRI demonstrated vocal cord thickening in 80.9% of patients, correlated to a decrease in DSI (expected odds 0.75 [C.I. 0.58\u20130.96] <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.02). Dynamic MRI showed impaired vocal cord adduction during phonation in 61.7% of patients, associated with a lower DSI score (0.65 [C.I. 0.48\u20130.88] <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.006).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In LTS patients, after airway reconstruction MRI can safely provide excellent structural and functional detail of the vocal cords correlating to DSI, with further usefulness expected from technical refinements. We therefore suggest MRI as a tool for extensive imaging during LTS follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>3 <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 131:E2402\u2013E2408, 2021<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]],"date-time":"2021-01-18T12:39:12Z","timestamp":1610973552000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Structure and Function of the Vocal Cords after Airway Reconstruction on Magnetic Resonance Imaging"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"131","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5917-2147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernadette B. L. J.","family":"Elders","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergology Erasmus Medical Centre \u2010 Sophia Children's Hospital  Rotterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Erasmus Medical Centre  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marieke M.","family":"Hakkesteegt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Erasmus Medical Centre, Sophia Children's Hospital  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4017-8957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierluigi","family":"Ciet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergology Erasmus Medical Centre \u2010 Sophia Children's Hospital  Rotterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Erasmus Medical Centre  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harm A. W. M.","family":"Tiddens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergology Erasmus Medical Centre \u2010 Sophia Children's Hospital  Rotterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Erasmus Medical Centre  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Wielopolski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Erasmus Medical Centre  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5931-5774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bas","family":"Pullens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Erasmus Medical Centre, Sophia Children's Hospital  Rotterdam The 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