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ROI volumes were corrected for brain size, age, and sex variations. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and post hoc Tukey's test were used to isolate the effects of tinnitus and hearing loss on volume differences. Effect sizes were calculated as the fraction of total variance (\u03b7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) in ANCOVA models and percent of mean volume difference relative to mean total volume.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The four cohort ANCOVA revealed tinnitus and hearing loss cohorts to have increased volume in the corona radiata (\u03b7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a00.192; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.0018) and decreased volume in the nucleus accumbens (\u03b7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a00.252; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.0001), caudate nucleus (\u03b7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a00.188; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.002), and inferior fronto\u2010occipital fasciculus (\u03b7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a00.250; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.0001). Tinnitus with normal hearing showed decreased volume in the nucleus accumbens (22.0%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.001) and inferior fronto\u2010occipital fasciculus (18.1%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.002), and hearing loss only showed increased volume in the corona radiata (10.7%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.01) and decreased volume in the nucleus accumbens (22.1%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.001), caudate nucleus (16.1%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.004), and inferior fronto\u2010occipital fasciculus (18.3%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.003).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tinnitus and hearing loss have overlapping effects on neurovolumetric alterations, especially impacting the nucleus accumbens and inferior fronto\u2010occipital fasciculus. Neurovolumetric studies on tinnitus or hearing loss can be more complete by accounting for those two clinical dimensions separately and jointly.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>3 <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 131:1863\u20131868, 2021<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29549","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,3]],"date-time":"2021-04-03T12:01:16Z","timestamp":1617451276000},"page":"1863-1868","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Neuroanatomic Volume Differences in Tinnitus and Hearing Loss"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"Andrew","family":"Yousef","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery University of California  San Francisco California U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leighton 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