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The first applications of screening were to circumscribe populations, schoolchildren, military personnel, and railroad employees. During the first half of the 20th century, screening programs were extended to similar populations and were able to be expanded on the basis of the improved technology of hearing testing. The concept of universal screening was first applied to the inborn errors of metabolism of newborn infants and particularly the assessment of phenylketonuria in 1963 by Guthrie and Susi. A limited use of this technique has been the detection of genes resulting in hearing loss. The use of a form of hearing testing either observational or physiological as a screen for all newborns was first articulated by Larry Fisch in 1957 and by the end of the 20th century newborn infant screening for hearing loss became the standard almost every nation worldwide.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hearing screening for newborn infants is utilized worldwide, schoolchildren less so and for adults many industrial workers and military service undergo hearing screening, but this is not a general practice for screening the elderly.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>NA <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 131:S1\u2013S25, 2021<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29590","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]],"date-time":"2021-06-18T11:22:19Z","timestamp":1624015339000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The History of Pediatric and Adult Hearing Screening"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"131","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7404-2498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert J.","family":"Ruben","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Otolaryngology \u2010 Head and neck Surgery and Pediatrics Albert Einstein College of Medicine \u2013 Montefiore Medical Center  New York New York U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","first-page":"992","volume-title":"Transactions of the International Medical Congress of Philadelphia","author":"Blake C","year":"1876"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"564","volume-title":"Milit\u00e4rdienst und Geh\u04e7rorgan. 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