{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T10:55:30Z","timestamp":1752231330445,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]],"date-time":"2021-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives\/Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>Facial functional restoration is one of the main goals in face transplantation. We report the oromyofacial function outcomes of two bimaxillary face transplantation (FT) patients in Helsinki.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Outcome Study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two male patients, aged 34 and 59, had severe functional facial disabilities following self\u2010inflicted gunshot injuries sustained to their mid and lower faces several years earlier. Both underwent tooth\u2010bearing maxillomandibular face transplantation in 2016 and 2018. We collected data regarding speech, swallowing, sensory recovery, motor recovery, and olfaction prior to transplantation. Patient charts were reviewed from the follow\u2010up period of 4 and 2\u2009years, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Speech intelligibility, acceptability, and articulation continued to improve during follow\u2010up for both patients. Voice quality and resonance were mainly normal at last follow\u2010up. Swallowing improved once lip occlusion was regained, with only minor aspiration evident on videofluorography. Both patients had significant improvement in facial mimic muscle function after FT. The first patient who only had buccal sensory nerves connected has only recovered protective facial sensation, whereas our second patient with buccal, infraorbital, and alveolar nerves connected has almost complete facial two\u2010point discrimination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both patients have regained satisfactory facial sensory and motor function. Sensory recovery seems to be faster and more precise if multiple sensory nerve coaptations are performed. Swallowing and speech have continued to improve over time although not reaching the level of the normal population. We demonstrate how speech\u2010corrective surgery can safely be performed in a FT patient and can improve speech recovery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>4 <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 131:E2643\u2013E2649, 2021<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]],"date-time":"2021-05-04T13:27:05Z","timestamp":1620134825000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Speech Characteristics and Oromyofunctional Outcomes in Two Bimaxillary Face Transplantation Patients in Helsinki"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"131","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6856-5310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atte A.","family":"Manninen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, T\u00f6\u00f6l\u00f6 Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital (HUS) University 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