{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T22:21:00Z","timestamp":1785450060732,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]],"date-time":"2021-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF\u20102018R1D1A1A02048972"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF\u20102018R1D1A1A02048972"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF\u20102015R1B1A1A01059494"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF\u20102015R1B1A1A01059494"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives\/Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tinnitus can develop due to, or be aggravated by, stress in a rat model. To investigate stress as a possible causal factor in the development of tinnitus, we designed an animal study that included tinnitus behavior and excitatory\/inhibitory neurotransmitter expression after noise exposure as well as restraint stress.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>An experimental animal study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Wistar rats were grouped according to single or double exposure to noise and restraint stress. The noise exposure (NE) group was subjected to 110\u2009dB sound pressure level (SPL) of 16\u2009kHz narrow\u2010band noise (NBN) for 1\u2009hour, and the restraint stress (RS) group was restrained for 1\u2009hour with or without noise exposure. Gap prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle (GPIAS) reflex was measured at an NBN of 16\u2009kHz to investigate tinnitus development. Various immunohistopathologic and molecular biologic studies were undertaken to evaluate possible mechanisms of tinnitus development after noise and\/or restraint stress.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The RS\u2010only group showed a reduced GPIAS response, which is a reliable sign of tinnitus development. In the double\u2010stimulus groups, more tinnitus\u2010development signs of reduced GPIAS responses were observed. The expression of \u03b3\u2010aminobutyric acid A receptor \u03b11 (GABAAR \u03b11) in the hippocampus decreased in the NE\u2502RS group. Increased <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010methyl\u2010<jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\u2010aspartate receptor1 intensities in the NE\u2502RS group and decreased GABAAR \u03b11 intensities in the RS and NE\u2502RS groups were observed in the CA3 region of the hippocampus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tinnitus appeared to develop after stress alone in this animal study. An imbalance in excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the hippocampus may be related to the development of tinnitus after acute NE and\/or stress.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>NA <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 131:2332\u20132340, 2021<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29691","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]],"date-time":"2021-06-22T11:45:38Z","timestamp":1624362338000},"page":"2332-2340","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Evidence of Tinnitus Development Due to Stress: An Experimental Study in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"Min Jung","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"So Young","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung Mee","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery, Gangneung Asan Hospital College of Medicine University of Ulsan  Gangneung Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyo Jeong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-014-0500-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6815-12-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.02.077"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-013-2785-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00106-014-2973-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2012.00047"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.03.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"3941","article-title":"Changes in GABA and glutamate receptors on auditory cortical excitatory neurons in a rat model of salicylate\u2010induced tinnitus","volume":"10","author":"Wu 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