{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T03:34:38Z","timestamp":1784000078026,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]],"date-time":"2021-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives\/Hypothesis<\/jats:title><jats:p>Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is a rare sinonasal malignant neoplasm that is known to develop late recurrence. The aim of this study is to evaluate the long\u2010term outcomes of patients with ONB and to determine the factors associated with prognosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective review of the medical records of 139 patients diagnosed with ONB at MD Anderson Cancer Center was performed between 1991 and 2016. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and Kaplan\u2013Meier curves were utilized to assess survival.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Median follow\u2010up time was 75\u2009months. Overall, 129 patients (92.8%) had surgery as part of their treatment and 82 (58.9%) patients received postoperative radiation therapy (PORT) or concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Endoscopic approaches were utilized for 72 patients, 69.4% of whom had pure endoscopic endonasal approaches. Five\u2010year overall survival and disease\u2010specific survival were 85.6% and 93.4%, respectively. Recurrence rate was 39.6% with a median time to recurrence of 42\u2009months. Among the 31 patients who received elective nodal irradiation (ENI), two patients developed neck recurrence (6.4%) compared with 20 who developed neck recurrence when ENI was omitted (34.4%) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.003). Advanced Kadish stage, orbital invasion, intracranial invasion, and presence of cervical lymphadenopathy at the time of presentation were significantly associated with poor survival.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>ONB has an excellent survival. Surgical resection with PORT when indicated is the mainstay of treatment. Endoscopic approaches can be used as a good tool. Elective neck irradiation reduces the risk of nodal recurrence among patients with clinically N0 neck. Despite the excellent survival, recurrence rate remains high and delayed, highlighting the need for long\u2010term surveillance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>Level 4 <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 132:290\u2013297, 2022<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29732","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]],"date-time":"2021-07-17T10:12:33Z","timestamp":1626516753000},"page":"290-297","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Long\u2010Term Outcomes of Olfactory Neuroblastoma: <scp>MD A<\/scp>nderson <scp>C<\/scp>ancer <scp>C<\/scp>enter Experience and Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"132","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5406-3571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed S.","family":"Abdelmeguid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center  Houston Texas U.S.A."},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Mansoura University  Mansoura Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3531-8241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center  Hosuton Texas U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center  Houston Texas U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renata","family":"Ferrarotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Thoracic Medical Oncology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center  Hosuton Texas U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Phan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center  Hosuton Texas U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shirley Y.","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center  Houston Texas U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kupferman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center  Houston Texas U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaan","family":"Raza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center  Hosuton Texas U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franco","family":"DeMonte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center  Hosuton Texas U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehab","family":"Hanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center  Houston Texas U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200311000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"410","article-title":"L'esthesioneuroepit helime olfactif","volume":"13","author":"Berger L","year":"1924","journal-title":"Bull Assoc Fran Etude Cancer"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1390014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215116009592"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24562"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.23327"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-88441-7_9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199305000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20693"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"1468","article-title":"Clinical implication of diagnostic and histopathologic discrepancies in sinonasal malignancies","volume":"131","author":"Choi KY","year":"2020","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-011-0329-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5935\/1808-8694.20130138"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.23731"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajr.2008.22.3170"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archoto.2009.173"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.26047"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.24912"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2012.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2016.02.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26908"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","first-page":"53","article-title":"Prognosis and biology in esthesioneuroblastoma: the emerging role of Hyams grading system","volume":"11","author":"Saade RE","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncol Clin Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0000000000000220"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(93)90457-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199011000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199208000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/028418600430833"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(01)00558-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-014-3320-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-717X-6-41"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.133.3.276"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.24770"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.2.JNS091897"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.20193"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A2401"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-010-1360-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.09.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/COC.0b013e31829b5631"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.20920"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.10247"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prro.2015.10.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2011.03.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.132.2.134"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.24822"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2013.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2009.23.3269"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1997.01900010038005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0347(200009)22:6<550::AID-HED2>3.0.CO;2-0"}],"container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lary.29732","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/lary.29732","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lary.29732","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T06:42:37Z","timestamp":1692600157000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lary.29732"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lary.29732"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.29732","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-852X","1531-4995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-852X","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-4995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-01-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-06-23","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-07-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}