{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T02:35:05Z","timestamp":1790562905503,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]],"date-time":"2021-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives\/Hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify risk factors for pneumonia incidence in patients with dysphagia undergoing a videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS) in an outpatient tertiary\u2010care center.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Historical cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All individuals undergoing a VFSS between 10\/02\/13 and 07\/30\/15 were identified and followed historically for 2\u2009years. Demographic information, medical history, and fluoroscopic data were collected. The 2\u2010year incidence of pneumonia was obtained from the medical records and telephone interview. The incidence of pneumonia and death were calculated and risk factors for pneumonia and mortality were ascertained.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>689 patients were followed for 2\u2009years. The mean age (\u00b1standard deviation) of the cohort was 65 (\u00b115.5) years. 49% (338\/689) were female. The most common causes of dysphagia were cricopharyngeus muscle dysfunction (270\/689), head and neck cancer (175\/689), and neurodegenerative disease (56\/689). The incidence of pneumonia was 22% (153\/689). The incidence of death was 11%. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder [COPD] (odds ratio [OR]\u00a0=\u00a02.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.33\u20134.19), hypertension (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.82, 95% CI: 1.23\u20132.73), tracheotomy status (OR\u00a0=\u00a02.96, 95% CI: 1.09\u20137.99), and vallecular residue (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.88, 95% CI: 1.24\u20132.85) were all significantly associated with an elevated risk of pneumonia. Kidney disease (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.27, 95% CI: 1.02\u20139.9), COPD (OR\u00a0=\u00a03.27, 95% CI: 1.65\u20136.49), vallecular residue (OR\u00a0=\u00a02.35, 95% CI: 1.35\u20134.1), male gender (OR\u00a0=\u00a02.21, 95% CI: 1.25\u20133.92), and low body mass index (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.06\u20131.19) were independent adjusted risk factors for death.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The incidence of aspiration pneumonia (22%) and death (11%) within 2\u2010years of a VFSS was high. The greatest adjusted risk factors for incident pneumonia were tracheotomy (OR\u00a0=\u00a03.0), COPD (OR\u00a0=\u00a02.4) and vallecular residue (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.9). The greatest adjusted risk factors for death were COPD (OR\u00a0=\u00a03.3), vallecular residue (OR\u00a0=\u00a02.3), and male gender (OR\u00a0=\u00a02.2).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      4\n                      <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>\n                      , 132:1172\u20131176, 2022\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29770","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]],"date-time":"2021-07-27T07:19:52Z","timestamp":1627370392000},"page":"1172-1176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Predictors of Aspiration Pneumonia and Mortality in Patients with Dysphagia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"132","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1511-5321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nogah","family":"Nativ\u2010Zeltzer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery University of California, Davis  Sacramento California U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6202-4647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuval","family":"Nachalon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery University of California, Davis  Sacramento California U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7707-0790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew W.","family":"Kaufman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery University of California, Davis  Sacramento California U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Indulaxmi C.","family":"Seeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery University of California, Davis  Sacramento California U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Bastea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery University of California, Davis  Sacramento California U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sukhkaran S.","family":"Aulakh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery University of California, Davis  Sacramento California U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Makkiyah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery University of California, Davis  Sacramento California U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Machelle D.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences University of California, Davis  Sacramento California U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7825-1497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Evangelista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery University of California, Davis  Sacramento California U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7222-4175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maggie A.","family":"Kuhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery University of California, Davis  Sacramento California U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9009-6389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustafa","family":"Sahin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery University of California, Davis  Sacramento California U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0288-2839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter C.","family":"Belafsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery University of California, Davis  Sacramento California 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