{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T04:05:59Z","timestamp":1768881959040,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives\/Hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the relationship between signal intensity on gadolinium (Gd)\u2010enhanced magnetic resonance images and growth of vestibular schwannomas (VSs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this cross\u2010sectional study, we retrospectively reviewed the data of 31 patients with VSs who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The mean signal intensities within the regions of interest in the tumor, pons, and temporal muscles were measured on Gd\u2010enhanced T1\u2010weighted MRI. Relative intensity ratios were calculated as follows:\n                      <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                      \/\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      pons ratio (\n                      <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                      \/Np) is the tumor signal intensity\/pons signal intensity and\n                      <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                      \/\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      muscle ratio (\n                      <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                      \/Nm) is the tumor signal intensity\/temporal muscle signal intensity. Volume measurements were used to assess the tumor size. Growth rate was determined by assessing previous imaging studies. Growing VS was defined as a tumor with a growth rate &gt;100\u2009mm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/year.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean (standard deviation)\n                      <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                      \/Np and\n                      <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                      \/Nm were 1.47 (0.27) and 1.50 (0.24), respectively, in nongrowing tumors and 1.78 (0.17) and 1.90 (0.12), respectively, in growing tumors. The\n                      <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                      \/Np and\n                      <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                      \/Nm differed significantly between the two groups (\n                      <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                      \/Np,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001;\n                      <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                      \/Nm,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that cutoffs of 1.56 and 1.76 for\n                      <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                      \/Np (93.33% sensitivity, 75.00% specificity) and\n                      <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                      \/Nm (100.00% sensitivity, 93.75% specificity), respectively, could be used to diagnose a growth rate of &gt;100\u2009mm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/year. The area under the curve was 0.85 (95% confidence interval, 0.70\u20131.00) for\n                      <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                      \/Np and 0.94 (0.82\u20131.00) for\n                      <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                      \/Nm.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Growing VSs show higher signal intensities on Gd\u2010enhanced MRI. Thus, measuring the signal intensity of VS on Gd\u2010enhanced MRI may aid in predicting VS growth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      3\n                      <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>\n                      , 132:198\u2013203, 2022\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29834","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T07:05:38Z","timestamp":1629443138000},"page":"198-203","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comparison of the Signal Intensity of Vestibular Schwannoma Between Growing and Nongrowing Tumors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"132","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3458-3190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Yamada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Ehime University School of Medicine  Toon Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naruhiko","family":"Kai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Ehime University School of Medicine  Toon Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshiyasu","family":"Hiratsuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Yawatahama City General Hospital  Yawatahama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1382-3148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sohei","family":"Mitani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Ehime University School of Medicine  Toon Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Suehiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Ehime University School of Medicine  Toon Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Shiraishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Ehime University Hospital  Toon Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takuya","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Ehime University School of Medicine  Toon 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