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Differences in pathogenic bacteria, treatment, and prognosis were compared across the three groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The bacterial spectra differed among the three groups. The main three facultative anaerobic or aerobic bacteria causing ESRD\u2010DNIs were methicillin\u2010resistant <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (MRSA; 25.4%), methicillin\u2010susceptible <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> (MSSA; 14.1%), and <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> (KP; 12.7%). For CKD\u2010DNIs, they were KP (23.5%), Viridans streptococci (VS; 23.5%), and MSSA (14.7%). For non\u2010CKD\u2010DNIs, they were VS (31.7%), KP (17.2%), and coagulase\u2010negative staphylococci (8.0%). Compared with the other groups, the ESRD\u2010DNI group had higher white blood cell and C\u2010reactive protein levels, longer hospital stays, more frequent admissions to the intensive care unit, more mediastinal complications, and a significantly higher mortality rate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The ESRD\u2010DNI group exhibited more severe disease activity and higher mortality compared with those of the CKD\u2010DNI and non\u2010CKD\u2010DNI groups. MRSA was the leading pathogen for patients with ESRD\u2010DNI. Physicians must implement strategies for the early detection of MRSA to accurately prescribe antibiotics and prevent nosocomial transmission.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>4 <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 132:1403\u20131409, 2022<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]],"date-time":"2021-11-26T09:43:04Z","timestamp":1637919784000},"page":"1403-1409","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Pathogens and Prognosis of Deep Neck Infection in <scp>End\u2010Stage<\/scp> Renal Disease Patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"132","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9314-5940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming\u2010Shao","family":"Tsai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery Chiayi Chang Gung 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