{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:44:23Z","timestamp":1792025063918,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]],"date-time":"2022-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Coronavirus disease (COVID\u201019) infection often causes olfactory dysfunction and parosmia may occur in some patients with olfactory dysfunction. In this study, we retrospectively investigated the effectiveness of modified olfactory training (MOT) for the treatment of COVID\u201019\u2010induced parosmia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study presents results of MOT performed with 12 odors for 36 weeks in patients with olfactory dysfunction following COVID\u201019 infection. A total of 75 participants were included in the study (mean age 33 years, range 16\u201360 years).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The patients were separated into two groups: 1) Treatment group consisted of parosmia patients who received MOT with three sets of four different odors sequentially. 2) Control group consisted of parosmia patients who did not perform any olfactory training. Both groups were matched for age and sex distribution of participants. TDI scores were compared at the time of application and at the end of the 9th month by the Sniffin' Sticks Test. The results of the 0th and 9th months were recorded by applying the parosmia assessment scale to both groups. The results were analyzed statistically, and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05 was considered significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>When the treatment group and the control group were compared, a significant improvement was observed in both groups at the third, sixth, and ninth month, however the improvement in the treatment group was found to be better than in the control group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Extending the treatment from 6 to 9 months in the treatment group was found to be effective in mitigating parosmia complaints and improving discrimination scores (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study has shown that modified olfactory training is effective in the treatment of parosmia following COVID\u201019 infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>3 <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 132:1433\u20131438, 2022<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.30101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]],"date-time":"2022-03-08T06:38:56Z","timestamp":1646721536000},"page":"1433-1438","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Modified Olfactory Training Is an Effective Treatment Method for COVID\u201019 Induced Parosmia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"132","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0794-5050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aytug","family":"Altundag","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Biruni University School of Medicine  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eren","family":"Yilmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences Istanbul Gelisim University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa Caner","family":"Kesimli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Istinye University School of Medicine  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.13620"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Smell and taste disturbance in COVID\u201019 patients: a prospective multicenteric review","volume":"73","author":"Bhatta S","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100066457"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archoto.2010.27"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-06285-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26606"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200101000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29277"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25245"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/22.1.39"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004050050223"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/000164800750001134"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-006-0173-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-74967-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20955"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ParkerJK KellyCE SmithB HopkinsC GaneSB.An analysis of patients' perspectives on qualitative olfactory dysfunction using social media.medRxiv2021: 2020.2012.2030.20249029.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.12.30.20249029"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MenniC ValdesA FreydinMB et al. Loss of smell and taste in combination with other symptoms is a strong predictor of COVID\u201019 infection. MedRxiv 2020.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.04.05.20048421"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26229"}],"container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lary.30101","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/lary.30101","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lary.30101","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T22:27:21Z","timestamp":1692829641000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lary.30101"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lary.30101"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.30101","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-852X","1531-4995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-852X","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-4995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-11-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-02-28","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-03-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}