{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T03:37:26Z","timestamp":1790307446419,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To characterize the cause of death among children with a tracheostomy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>All pediatric patients (&lt;18\u2009years) who had a tracheostomy placed at a tertiary care institution between 2015 and 2020 were included. The location and cause of death were recorded along with patient demographics and age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 271 tracheostomies were placed with 46 mortalities reviewed for a mortality rate of 16.8%. Mean age at placement was 1.7\u2009years (SD: 3.4) and mean age at death was 2.9\u2009years (SD: 3.5). Most tracheostomies were placed for respiratory failure (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a033, 72%). The mean time to death after tracheostomy was 1.2\u2009years (SD: 1.2) and 28% (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a013) occurred during the same admission as placement. Mean time to death after hospital discharge was 1.3 years (SD: 1.3). Etiology of death was respiratory failure (33%, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a015), cardiopulmonary arrest (15%, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a07), unknown (43%, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a020), or secondary to a tracheostomy\u2010related complication for 9% (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a04). Location of death was in intensive care units for 41% (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a019) and 30% died at home (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a014). Comfort care measures were taken for 37% (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a017). Severe neurological disability (HR: 4.06, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.003, 95% CI: 1.59\u201310.34) and congenital heart disease (HR: 2.36, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.009, 95% CI: 1.24\u20134.48) correlated with time to death on Cox proportional hazard modeling.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nearly one\u2010third of children with a tracheostomy who expire will do so during the same admission as tracheostomy placement. Although progression of underlying disease will lead to most deaths, 9% will be a result of a tracheostomy\u2010related complication, which represents a meaningful target for quality improvement initiatives.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>3 <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 133:403\u2013409, 2023<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.30123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T11:35:57Z","timestamp":1648726557000},"page":"403-409","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Mortality Among Children with a Tracheostomy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Taylor B.","family":"Teplitzky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center  Dallas Texas 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Dallas, Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology Children's Health Airway Management Program  Dallas Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Sewell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Medical Center Dallas, Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology Children's Health Airway Management Program  Dallas Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6801-7544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yann\u2010Fuu","family":"Kou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head &amp; Neck Surgery University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center  Dallas Texas USA"},{"name":"Children's Medical Center Dallas, Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology Children's Health Airway Management Program  Dallas Texas 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