{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T14:41:46Z","timestamp":1787496106810,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649721600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:title>\n Standard methods to evaluate tracheal pathology in children, including bronchoscopy, may require general anesthesia. Conventional dynamic proximal airway imaging in noncooperative children requires endotracheal intubation and\/or medically induced apnea, which may affect airway mechanics and diagnostic performance. We describe a technique for unsedated dynamic volumetric computed tomography angiography (DV\u2010CTA) of the proximal airway and surrounding vasculature in children and evaluate its performance compared to the reference\u2010standard of rigid bronchoscopy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Children who had undergone DV\u2010CTA and bronchoscopy in one\u2010year were retrospectively identified. Imaging studies were reviewed by an expert reader blinded to the bronchoscopy findings of primary or secondary tracheomalacia. Airway narrowing, if present, was characterized as static and\/or dynamic, with tracheomalacia defined as >50% collapse of the tracheal cross\u2010sectional area in exhalation. Pearson correlation was used for comparison.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Over a 19\u2010month period, we identified 32 children (median age 8\u2009months, range 3\u201314\u2009months) who had undergone DV\u2010CTA and bronchoscopy within a 90\u2010day period of each other. All studies were unsedated and free\u2010breathing. The primary reasons for evaluation included noisy breathing, stridor, and screening for tracheomalacia. There was excellent agreement between DV\u2010CTA and bronchoscopy for diagnosis of tracheomalacia (\n \u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.81,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001), which improved if children (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a025) had the studies within 30\u2009days of each other (\n \u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.91,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001). CTA provided incremental information on severity, and cause of secondary tracheomalacia.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n For most children, DV\u2010CTA requires no sedation or respiratory manipulation and correlates strongly with bronchoscopy for the diagnosis of tracheomalacia.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n \n 3\n Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>\n , 133:410\u2013416, 2023\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.30125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T07:59:39Z","timestamp":1649750379000},"page":"410-416","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Dynamic Volumetric Computed Tomography Angiography is an Effective Method to Evaluate Tracheomalacia in Children"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Koenigs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence U.S.A."},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2010 Head and Neck Surgery Hasbro Children's Hospital Providence U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cody","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Lillis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Morrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4869-4542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalie","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2010 Head and Neck Surgery Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1890-2876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles","family":"Elmaraghy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2010 Head and Neck Surgery Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajesh","family":"Krishnamurthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2010 Head and Neck Surgery Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1448-5873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tendy","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2010 Head and Neck Surgery Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.5.3391"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02271-2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2017.04.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1559816"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2513081280"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/ers.09.29"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2014.08.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carj.2009.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-013-2637-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1754-9485.12009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-013-0344-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.06-2164"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948409300503"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2018.3276"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","unstructured":"DoddNLK MasandP JadhavS BissetG KrishnamurthyR.Dynamic volume CTA of the airway and vasculature in children: technical report. 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