{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T13:27:03Z","timestamp":1787664423114,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]],"date-time":"2022-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine parameter combinations for effective drug delivery of intranasal spray steroids to the ostiomeatal complex (OMC) and maxillary sinus (MS) in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Each patient's sinonasal cavity was reconstructed from computed tomography scans. Intranasal airflow and drug particle transport were simulated using computational fluid dynamic modeling. Airflow simulations were performed at 15 Pascal inhalation pressure. Intranasal spray particles of 1\u2013100\u2009\u03bcm were simulated at release speeds of 1, 5, and 10\u2009m\/s from 6 release locations (Bottom, Center, Top, Lateral, Lateral\u2010Bottom, and Lateral\u2010Top) at a nozzle insertion depth of 15\u2009mm. Drug delivery simulations were performed in the head tilted forward position.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maximal OMC deposition was 0.78%\u201312.44%, while maximal MS deposition was 0.02%\u20131.03% across all simulations. In general, particles between 6 and 10\u2009\u03bcm had the best OMC (at 1\u2009m\/s particle velocity) and MS (at 10\u2009m\/s particle velocity) deposition. Particles ranging from 21 to 30\u2009\u03bcm also had superior OMC deposition. The lateral and lateral\u2010top spray release locations produced maximum OMC deposition, but no one release location demonstrated an increase in MS deposition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This preliminary study suggests that it is challenging to determine a common set of intranasal spray parameter combinations for effective drug delivery to the OMC and MSs. Although drug particle size and spray particle velocity seem to impact particle deposition patterns, spray release location appears to vary with anatomical differences between subjects, particularly when the MS is the target location for particle deposition. <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 133:1036\u20131043, 2023<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.30155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]],"date-time":"2022-05-13T10:22:31Z","timestamp":1652437351000},"page":"1036-1043","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Intranasal Spray Characteristics for Best Drug Delivery in Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"133","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2789-8450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carson","family":"Popper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Campbell University School of Osteopathic Medicine  Buies Creek North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Communication Sciences Duke University Medical Center  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6932-9312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Communication Sciences Duke University Medical Center  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reanna","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Communication Sciences Duke University Medical Center  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Sicard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Communication Sciences Duke University Medical Center  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrina","family":"Hodges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Communication Sciences Duke University Medical Center  Durham North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Pre\u2010Health Post\u2010Baccalaureate Program Meredith College  Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9683-8355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dennis Onyeka","family":"Frank\u2010Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Communication Sciences Duke University Medical Center  Durham North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Computational Biology and Bioinformatics PhD Program Duke University  Durham North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke University  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin20.401"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21203"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21769"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011995.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011996.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90051-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2001.117410"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"92","article-title":"Nebulized bacitracin\/colimycin: a treatment option in recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis with Staphylococcus aureus? 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