{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T07:35:34Z","timestamp":1777620934301,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,28]],"date-time":"2022-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DC11300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DC11300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although phonatory glottal posture and airflow pulse shape affect voice quality, studies to date have been limited by visualization of vocal fold (VF) vibration from a superior view. We performed a 3D reconstruction of VF vibratory motion during phonation from a medial view and assessed the glottal volume waveform and resulting acoustics as a function of neuromuscular stimulation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>In vivo canine hemilarynx phonation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Across 121 unique combinations of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) and recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) stimulation, the hemilarynx was excited to the oscillation with airflow. VF medial surface reference points were tracked on high\u2010speed video, mapped into 3D space, and surface shape was restored using cubic spline interpolation. Glottal surface shape, reconstruction\u2010based parameters, and glottal volume waveform were calculated. Fundamental frequency (F0), cepstral peak prominence (CPP), and harmonic amplitude (H1\u2010H2) were measured from high\u2010quality audio samples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The glottis was convergent during opening and divergent during closing. Neuromuscular activation changed phonatory glottal shape and reduced glottal volume. Significant reduction in glottal volume and closing quotient were present with SLN stimulation. RLN stimulation significantly increased F0 and CPP and decreased H1\u2010H2 (constricted glottis), while SLN effects were similar and synergistic with concurrent RLN stimulation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>3D reconstruction of in vivo medial surface vibration revealed effects of laryngeal nerve stimulation on glottal vibratory pattern and acoustic correlates of voice quality. SLN activation resulted in significantly quicker glottal closure per cycle, decreased glottal volume, and higher\u2010pitched, less breathy, and less noisy voice. RLN had a similar effect on acoustic measures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>NA, Basic Science <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 133:357\u2013365, 2023<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.30178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,28]],"date-time":"2022-05-28T09:29:53Z","timestamp":1653730193000},"page":"357-365","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["<scp>3D<\/scp> Reconstruction of Phonatory Glottal Shape and Volume: Effects of Neuromuscular Activation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"133","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3707-0531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neha K.","family":"Reddy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery University of California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2578-8327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Schlegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery University of California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1323-049X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoonjeong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery University of California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0228-6308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dinesh K.","family":"Chhetri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Head and Neck Surgery University of California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"289","article-title":"Videostroboscopic evaluation of the larynx","volume":"66","author":"Bless DM","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","volume-title":"Acoustic Phonetics","author":"Stevens KN","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4964509"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Preliminaries to analysis of the human voice source","volume":"23","author":"Fant G","year":"1982","journal-title":"STL\u2010QPSR"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.416977"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RothenbergM.The glottal volume velocity waveform during loose and tight glottal adjustments. 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