{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T03:19:01Z","timestamp":1768274341274,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,9]],"date-time":"2022-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657324800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Airway stenosis\u2014particularly multi\u2010level\u2014presents complex management challenges. This study assessed rates of tracheostomy, decannulation, and the number of surgeries required in patients with posterior glottic stenosis (PGS), multi\u2010level airway stenosis (MLAS), and bilateral vocal fold paralysis (BVFP).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Airway stenosis patients treated between 2016 and 2021 at three tertiary medical centers were identified. Demographics, etiology of stenosis, medical comorbidities, and patient\u2010reported outcome measures (PROMs) were collected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>158 patients (84 women, mean age 56.98\u2009\u00b1\u200915.5\u2009years) were identified (54 PGS, 38 MLAS, and 66 BVFP). 72.3% required tracheostomy, including 72.2%, 86.8%, and 63.6% in these groups, respectively. Decannulation rates were 43.6%, 21.2%, and 32.5% in these groups, respectively. Patients with MLAS had higher rates of tracheostomy than BVFP (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u20090.05). However, decannulation rates were not different between groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u20090.05). MLAS required more surgeries (mean 4.0\u2009\u00b1\u20093.9) than PGS (2.4\u2009\u00b1\u20092.2, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.02) or BVFP (1.0\u2009\u00b1\u20091.8, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u20090.0001). Mean PROMs scores at the latest follow\u2010up were abnormal: 15.4\u2009\u00b1\u200912.2 (Dyspnea Index), 19.9\u2009\u00b1\u200912.2 (Voice Handicap Index\u201010), and 9.67\u2009\u00b1\u200911.1 (Eating Assessment Tool\u201010). Co\u2010morbidities present included body mass index &gt;30 (41.4%), diabetes (31.8%), pulmonary disease (50.7%), gastroesophageal reflux disease (39.4%), autoimmune disease (22.9%), and tobacco use history (55.2%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Airway stenosis is a challenging clinical problem that negatively impacts patients' quality of life and often requires numerous surgeries. PGS more frequently requires tracheostomy compared to BVFP, but patients can often decannulate successfully. Patients with multi\u2010level stenosis have lower decannulation rates and require more surgeries than glottic stenosis alone; these patients may benefit from earlier and\/or more aggressive intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>4 <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 133:528\u2013534, 2023<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.30269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,9]],"date-time":"2022-07-09T12:49:10Z","timestamp":1657370950000},"page":"528-534","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Interventions and Outcomes in Glottic Versus Multi\u2010level Airway Stenosis: A Multi\u2010institutional Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"133","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0467-5975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shambavi J.","family":"Rao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wake Forest School of Medicine  Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grant E.","family":"Gochman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery University of California\u2010San Francisco Voice and Swallowing Center  San Francisco California U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anastasiya","family":"Stasyuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California\u2010Davis School of Medicine  Sacramento California U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7782-7933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kychelle L.","family":"Del Rosario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wake Forest School of Medicine  Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8016-6091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Cates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery University of California\u2010Davis School of Medicine  Sacramento California U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lyndsay L.","family":"Madden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Wake Forest School of Medicine  Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina U.S.A."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3095-8290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"VyVy N.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery University of California\u2010San Francisco Voice and Swallowing Center  San Francisco 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