{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T12:23:23Z","timestamp":1768134203971,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,6]],"date-time":"2022-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Endoscopic laryngeal cleft repair (ELCR) with endolaryngeal suturing is an advanced surgical skill. This study objective was to assess the validity of 3\u2010dimensionally (3D) printed laryngeal suturing simulator for ELCR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Development and validation of a simulator for ELCR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>An ELCR model was developed using 3D printed and readily available materials. Participants were surveyed before and after a simulation session using five\u2010point Likert scale questions. Performance data was assessed using blinded expert video review and rated using a novel objective structured assessment of technical skills (OSATS) for endoscopic laryngeal suturing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010one participants ranging from residents to attendings completed the simulation session. Survey respondents reported on a five\u2010point Likert scale that the model was \u201ceasy to use\u201d and \u201cquite realistic\u201d (both mean of 4). Confidence improved significantly in 86% of participants (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Overall OSATS scores (out of a total of 55) showed a median improvement in technical skills of 11.7 points (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.004). OSATS demonstrated good intra\u2010rater (\u03ba\u00a0=\u00a00.689 and 0.677) and moderate inter\u2010rater (\u03ba\u00a0=\u00a00.573) reliability. Completion times improved from the first to the last suture by a median time of 512 to 350\u2009s (decrease of 202\u2009s, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.002). Participants with no prior ELCR experience improved more than those with in vivo experience.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study demonstrates the validity of a simulator utilizing 3D printed larynges for ELCR. A novel OSATS for endoscopic laryngeal suturing was successfully implemented. Confidence, technical skills, and completion times improved with the use of the model across a variety of participants. <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 133:785\u2013791, 2023<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.30320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,6]],"date-time":"2022-08-06T12:50:05Z","timestamp":1659790205000},"page":"785-791","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A Validated 3D Printed Laryngeal Suturing Simulator for Endoscopic Laryngeal Cleft Repair"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"133","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1462-2957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clare M.","family":"Richardson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery Seattle Children's Hospital  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Zopf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery CS Mott Children's Hospital  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allison K.","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"van Horn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery Marshall University  Huntington West Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katheryn","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Nourmohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Nassar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery Montefiore Medical Center  New York City New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason S.","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaalan E.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery Seattle Children's Hospital  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology \u2013 Head and Neck Surgery University of Washington  Seattle Washington 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