{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T14:58:37Z","timestamp":1782226717053,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]],"date-time":"2022-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Posterior tracheomalacia (TM) is characterized by excessive intraluminal displacement of the tracheal membranous wall. Recently, novel surgical strategies for repair of posterior TM have been introduced. To our knowledge, these strategies have not been evaluated in a model of posterior TM. Thus, we sought to design an ex vivo mechanical model of posterior TM to evaluate potential repair interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A model for posterior TM was created with partial thickness longitudinal incisions to the posterior aspect of ex vivo porcine trachea. Three groups of tracheas were tested: (1) control (unmanipulated), (2) posterior TM (injury), and (3) intervention (repair). Interventions included external splinting with 0.3 and 0.5\u2009mm bioresorbable plates, posterior tracheopexy, and injection tracheoplasty with calcium hydroxylapatite. An airtight tracheal system was created to measure tracheal wall collapse with changes in negative pressure. A bronchoscope and pressure transducer were connected to either end. Cross\u2010sectional area of the tracheal lumen was analyzed using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Average percent reduction in cross\u2010sectional area of the tracheal lumen was compared using a two\u2010tailed paired <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test. Significant differences were found between control and TM groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u20090.019). There was no significant difference between control and external splinting and posterior tracheopexy groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u20090.14).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We describe an ex vivo model for posterior TM that replicates airway collapse. External splinting and tracheopexy interventions showed recovery of the injured tracheal segment. Injection tracheoplasty did not improve the TM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>N\/A <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 133:2000\u20132006, 2023<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.30383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]],"date-time":"2022-09-08T10:59:21Z","timestamp":1662634761000},"page":"2000-2006","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["An Ex Vivo Model of Posterior Tracheomalacia With Evaluation of Potential Treatment Modalities"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"133","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0483-1966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Albert Einstein School of Medicine\/Montefiore Medical Center  Bronx New York U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pooja","family":"Swami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research  Manhasset New York U.S.A."},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell Health  Hempstead New York U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9700-0132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"Kaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Rutgers New Jersey Medical School  Newark New Jersey U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd","family":"Goldstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research  Manhasset New York U.S.A."},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell Health  Hempstead New York U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel A.","family":"Grande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research  Manhasset New York U.S.A."},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell Health  Hempstead New York U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee P.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell Health  Hempstead New York U.S.A."},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center  New Hyde Park New York 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