{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T01:22:56Z","timestamp":1787188976913,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TL1\u2010TR001858"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TL1\u2010TR001858"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DC015405"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DC015405"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DC017397"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DC017397"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"\n Objectives\/Hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n \n Glucocorticoids (GC)s are commonly employed to treat vocal fold (VF) pathologies. However, VF atrophy has been associated with intracordal GC injections. Dexamethasone\u2010induced skeletal muscle atrophy is well\u2010documented in other tissues and believed to be mediated by increased muscle proteolysis via upregulation of Muscle Ring Finger (\n MuRF<\/jats:italic>\n )\n \u20101<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Atrogin\u20101<\/jats:italic>\n . Mechanisms of dexamethasone\u2010mediated VF atrophy have not been described. This pilot study employed in vitro and in vivo models to investigate the effects of dexamethasone on VF epithelium, thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle, and TA\u2010derived myoblasts. We hypothesized that dexamethasone will increase atrophy\u2010associated gene expression in TA muscle and myoblasts and decrease TA muscle fiber size and epithelial thickness.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study Design<\/jats:title>\n \n In vitro\n , pre\u2010clinical.<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n TA myoblasts were isolated from a female Sprague\u2013Dawley rat and treated with 1\u2009\u03bcM dexamethasone for 24\u2010h<\/jats:italic>\n . In vivo, 15 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: (1) bilateral intracordal injection of 40\u2009\u03bcL dexamethasone (10\u2009mg\/ml;\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a05), (2) volume\u2010matched saline (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a05), and (3) untreated controls (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a05). Larynges were harvested 7\u2010days post\u2010injection. Across in vivo and in vitro experimentation,\n MuRF\u20101<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Atrogin\u20101<\/jats:italic>\n mRNA expression were measured via RT\u2010qPCR. TA muscle fiber cross\u2010sectional area (CSA) and epithelial thickness were also quantified in vivo.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Dexamethasone increased MuRF\u20101 gene expression in TA myoblasts. Dexamethasone injection, however, did not alter<\/jats:italic>\n atrophy\u2010associated gene expression, TA CSA, or epithelial thickness in vivo.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Dexamethasone increased atrogene expression in TA myoblasts, providing foundational insight into GC induced atrophic gene transcription.<\/jats:italic>\n Repeated dexamethasone injections may be required to elicit atrophy in vivo\n .<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n \n NA\n Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>\n , 133:2264\u20132270, 2023\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.30461","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T07:45:36Z","timestamp":1667288736000},"page":"2264-2270","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Acute In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of Dexamethasone in the Vocal Folds: a Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"133","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5362-0866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gary","family":"Gartling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine NYU Grossman School of Medicine New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Communication Science and Disorders, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryosuke","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine NYU Grossman School of Medicine New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lea","family":"Sayce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Science and Disorders, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 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