{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T20:20:43Z","timestamp":1789503643334,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the prognostic factors and treatment outcomes in patients with the external auditory canal (EAC) squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>All patients diagnosed with EAC SCC and treated with curative intent at a single tertiary institution were retrospectively reviewed over a 22\u2010year period. Treatment modalities included surgery with adjuvant treatment or definitive radiotherapy. The primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and disease\u2010specific survival (DSS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 51 patients in our cohort. The 5\u2010year OS and DSS were 64.0%\u2009\u00b1\u20097.0% and 72.0%\u2009\u00b1\u20097.0% respectively. Patients in the surgical arm and RT arm showed no significant difference in OS, DSS, and LRFS (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.075, 0.062, 0.058 respectively). Compared to other routes of spread within the temporal bone, pattern of posterior disease invasion (involving mastoid\/sigmoid sinus) showed poorer OS and DSS on multivariate analysis (hazard ratio, HR4.34 and 5.88; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.006 and 0.009). On multivariate analysis, the following factors were independently prognostic of poorer OS and DSS: Previous radiotherapy (HR 3.29 and 4.81, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.021 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.029); Presence of facial nerve palsy (HR 3.80 and 7.63, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.013 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.003); Posterior pattern of invasion (HR4.05 and 3.59, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.013 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.043). Advanced modified Pittsburgh stage was not predictive of poor OS and DSS (HR1.17 and 1.17\u2009E+5, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.786 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.961).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Presence of previous radiotherapy, facial nerve palsy and posterior pattern of disease invasion were independent prognostic factors of poorer survival in patients with EAC SCC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>4 <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 133:2203\u20132210, 2023<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.30504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T17:37:35Z","timestamp":1670434655000},"page":"2203-2210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Analysis of Prognostic Factors For External Auditory Canal Carcinoma: A 22\u2010Year Experience"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"133","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3337-9021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabelle J. 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