{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T13:27:59Z","timestamp":1771334879311,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]],"date-time":"2023-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the long\u2010term benefit of serial in\u2010office steroid injections (SISI) in the treatment of subglottic and proximal tracheal stenosis (SG\/PTS). Evaluate cost of SISI compared to endoscopic dilation (ED).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective study and cost analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>All patients with SGS\/PTS with at least two consecutive in\u2010office steroid injections between 2013 and 2021 were evaluated. Patients with less than 2\u2009years of follow\u2010up data after the initial SISI series were excluded. Demographics, etiology of stenosis, total injections performed, time between steroid series, surgery\u2010free interval (SFI) and adverse events were collected. For patients with known surgical history before SISI, pre\u2010SISI SFI was compared. Institutional billing records and the national CMS average reimbursement were evaluated. Total charges for three treatment strategies (ED alone, ED with post\u2010operative SISI and primary intervention with SISI) were also compared.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010nine patients were included; 29 (59%) idiopathic, 11 (22%) traumatic and 9 (18%) rheumatologic. Mean (SD) follow\u2010up time after the first SISI was 3.41\u2009years (1.5), range (2.08\u20137.25\u2009years). 79% (39\/49) did not require additional surgery during the entire follow\u2010up period. The SFI improved from a mean 13.5\u2009months (SD 12.6; range 2\u201342\u2009months) pre\u2010SISI to a mean (SD) of 42\u2009months (SD 20.2; range 10\u201387\u2009months) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) after SISI. Annual average charges for ED alone in our cohort was $15,383.28, compared to $7,070.04 for SISI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>SISI are an effective treatment for patients with SG\/PTS. In\u2010office steroid injections could offer cost savings for the patient.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>4 <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 133:2673\u20132679, 2023<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.30578","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]],"date-time":"2023-01-24T12:39:20Z","timestamp":1674563960000},"page":"2673-2679","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Serial In\u2010Office Steroid Injections for Airway Stenosis: Long\u2010Term Benefit and Cost Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"133","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0208-1647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karla","family":"O'Dell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6244-9135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph","family":"Acevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7789-5450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lindsay","family":"Reder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Kaiser Permanente Baldwin Park  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Johns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2020.10.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","article-title":"Subglottic stenosis and endobronchial disease granulomatosis with polyangiitis","volume":"58","author":"Quinn 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