{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T15:31:57Z","timestamp":1747150317391,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5T32DC000027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5T32DC000027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Accurate and reproducible measurements of the pediatric airway are critical for diagnostic evaluation and management of subglottic and tracheal stenosis. The endoluminal functional lumen imaging probe (EndoFLIP) is a catheter\u2010based imaging probe which utilizes impedance planimetry to calculate luminal parameters, including cross\u2010sectional area and compliance. Herein, we demonstrate the feasibility of this system for multidimensional evaluation of the pediatric airway.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>3D\u2010printed pediatric laryngotracheal models were created based on computed tomography scans, then artificially deformed to simulate both circumferential and posterior subglottic stenosis. Two observers made six measurements of the minimum cross\u2010sectional area (MCSA) and length of stenosis of each model with EndoFLIP. Agreement between observer measurements and model dimensions was evaluated using Lin's concordance correlation coefficient; inter\u2010observer reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four models were created: two without pathology (MCSA: 132.4, 44.3\u2009mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) and two with subglottic stenosis (MCSA: 28.7, 59.7\u2009mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, stenotic length 27.8, 24.4\u2009mm). Observer measurements of MCSA and length of stenosis demonstrated high concordance with the models (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.99, 0.95, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) with a mean error of 4.5% and 18.2% respectively. There was a low coefficient of variation (0.6%\u20132.8%) for measurements, indicating high precision. Interrater reliability was high for both MCSA and stenotic length (ICC: 0.99, 0.98).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The EndoFLIP system allows for accurate and reproducible measurements of cross\u2010sectional area and stenotic length in pediatric airway models. This method may provide further advantages in the evaluation of airway distensibility, as well as measurements of asymmetric airway pathology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>NA <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 134:108\u2013112, 2024<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.30745","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T10:27:02Z","timestamp":1684319222000},"page":"108-112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Utilizing a Functional Lumen Imaging Probe for Evaluation of the Pediatric Airway, A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"134","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6627-6139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarek A.","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Johns Hopkins School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8490-057X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andy S.","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Johns Hopkins School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jared","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Johns Hopkins School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Johns Hopkins School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1554-6204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Johns Hopkins School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Johns Hopkins School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S002221511300025X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348947608500503"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2018.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949410300410"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2016.10.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091121"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-019-06898-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/acs.2018.03.01"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2015.29"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820936249"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29363"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00034894211042768"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3182991d42"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24046"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajr.2008.22.3129"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2018.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2019.00075"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489415598999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","volume":"117","author":"Ridgway 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