{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T12:49:41Z","timestamp":1789390181434,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]],"date-time":"2023-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R01DC014070\u201008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R01DC014070\u201008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R01DC019632\u201002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R01DC019632\u201002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR002529"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002529"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No curative injectable therapy exists for unilateral vocal fold paralysis. Herein, we explore the early implications of muscle\u2010derived motor\u2010endplate expressing cells (MEEs) for injectable vocal fold medialization after recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Yucatan minipigs underwent right RLN transection (without repair) and muscle biopsies. Autologous muscle progenitor cells were isolated, cultured, differentiated, and induced to form MEEs. Three weeks after the injury, MEEs or saline were injected into the paralyzed right vocal fold. Outcomes including evoked laryngeal electromyography (LEMG), laryngeal adductor pressure, and acoustic vocalization data were analyzed up to 7\u2009weeks post\u2010injury. Harvested porcine larynges were examined for volume, gene expression, and histology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      MEE injections were tolerated well, with all pigs demonstrating continued weight gain. Blinded analysis of videolaryngoscopy post\u2010injection revealed infraglottic fullness, and no inflammatory changes. Four weeks after injection, LEMG revealed on average higher right distal RLN activity retention in MEE pigs. MEE\u2010injected pigs on average had vocalization durations, frequencies, and intensities higher than saline pigs. Post\u2010mortem, the MEE\u2010injected larynges revealed statistically greater volume on quantitative 3D ultrasound, and statistically increased expression of neurotrophic factors (\n                      <jats:italic>BDNF<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>NGF<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>NTF3<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>NTF4<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>NTN1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) on quantitative PCR.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Minimally invasive MEE injection appears to establish an early molecular and microenvironmental framework to encourage innate RLN regeneration. Longer follow\u2010up is needed to determine if early findings will translate into functional contraction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      NA\n                      <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>\n                      , 134:272\u2013282, 2024\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.30868","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]],"date-time":"2023-07-12T10:03:59Z","timestamp":1689156239000},"page":"272-282","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Early Changes in Porcine Larynges Following Injection of Motor\u2010Endplate Expressing Muscle Cells for the Treatment of\n                    <scp>Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"134","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6629-4895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel L.","family":"Kaefer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Indiana University  Indianapolis Indiana U.S.A."},{"name":"Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8590-7987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lujuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Indiana University  Indianapolis Indiana U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4700-5947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel A.","family":"Morrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1990-7254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Brookes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oluwaseyi","family":"Awonusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Indiana University  Indianapolis Indiana U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Shay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Indiana University  Indianapolis Indiana U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9091-349X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Orlando S.","family":"Hoilett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana U.S.A."},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Cincinnati  Cincinnati Ohio U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1975-4032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8883-7953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Craig J.","family":"Goergen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherry","family":"Voytik\u2010Harbin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana U.S.A."},{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stacey","family":"Halum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Indiana University  Indianapolis Indiana U.S.A."},{"name":"School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Indiana University  Indianapolis Indiana U.S.A."},{"name":"Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-018-5207-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940211100803"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2000.102574"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199809000-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.24111"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"147","article-title":"Vocal fold injection of collagen for unilateral vocal fold paralysis caused by chest diseases","volume":"38","author":"Sagawa M","year":"1999","journal-title":"Minerva Pneumol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21258"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-017-4758-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-009-0924-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26773"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2010.09.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-59989570003-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9112417"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e31803e8c8d"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e31816c438e"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","unstructured":"U.S. utility patent application filed for PRF Ref. No. 67585 \u201cPrimed muscle progenitor cells and uses\u201d (67585\u201002) with the United States Patent & Trademark Office (USPTO) on April 27 2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21754"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23519"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489415608866"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27575"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489414523709"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26771"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26992"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29282"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2015.110"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Impact of needle selection on survival of muscle\u2010derived cells when used for laryngeal injections","volume":"14","author":"Awonusi O","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cell Sci Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471142727.mb1415s102"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489416679175"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","article-title":"Eliciting and characterizing porcine vocalizations: when pigs fly","author":"Zhang L, Fujiki RB, Brookes S, et al","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Voice"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2019.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0123111","article-title":"Discerning pig screams in production environments","volume":"29","author":"Vandermeulen J","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2019.4328"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","first-page":"100","article-title":"Neurobiology of peripheral nerve injury, regeneration, and functional recovery: from bench top research to bedside application","volume":"13","author":"Sulaiman W","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ochsner J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-14063-8"},{"issue":"328","key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","first-page":"e23","article-title":"Compensatory movement of contralateral vocal folds in patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis","volume":"35","author":"Xu X","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Voice"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-72288-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27649"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2011.01348.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.041359198"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000093190.53478.78"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/ejtm.2017.6406"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajh.2007.14"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2020.610964"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2013.430"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41536-017-0028-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2152-7806.109190"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/SQB.1976.040.01.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1627463"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2020.8.JNS201461"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.131.5.1341"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2017.07.019"}],"container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/lary.30868","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T08:57:16Z","timestamp":1719910636000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/lary.30868"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/lary.30868"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.30868","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-852X","1531-4995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-852X","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-4995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-03-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-06-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}