{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T12:17:53Z","timestamp":1780316273576,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K76 AG079040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K76 AG079040"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015326","name":"Common Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OT2 OD032720"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OT2 OD032720"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015326","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Laryngoscope"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Simulation may be a valuable tool in training laryngology office procedures on unsedated patients. However, no studies have examined whether existing awake procedure simulators improve trainee performance in laryngology. Our objective was to evaluate the transfer validity of a previously published 3D\u2010printed laryngeal simulator in improving percutaneous injection laryngoplasty (PIL) competency compared with conventional educational materials with a single\u2010blinded randomized controlled trial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Otolaryngology residents with fewer than 10 PIL procedures in their case logs were recruited. A pretraining survey was administered to participants to evaluate baseline procedure\u2010specific knowledge and confidence. The participants underwent block randomization by postgraduate year to receive conventional educational materials either with or without additional training with a 3D\u2010printed laryngeal simulator. Participants performed PIL on an anatomically distinct laryngeal model via trans\u2010thyrohyoid and trans\u2010cricothyroid approaches. Endoscopic and external performance recordings were de\u2010identified and evaluated by two blinded laryngologists using an objective structured assessment of technical skill scale and PIL\u2010specific checklist.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty residents completed testing. Baseline characteristics demonstrate no significant differences in confidence level or PIL experience between groups. Senior residents receiving simulator training had significantly better respect for tissue during the trans\u2010thyrohyoid approach compared with control (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0005). There were no significant differences in performance for junior residents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this first transfer validity study of a simulator for office awake procedure in laryngology, we found that a previously described low\u2010cost, high\u2010fidelity 3D\u2010printed PIL simulator improved performance of PIL amongst senior otolaryngology residents, suggesting this accessible model may be a valuable educational adjunct for advanced trainees to practice PIL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title><jats:p>NA <jats:italic>Laryngoscope<\/jats:italic>, 134:318\u2013323, 2024<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.30878","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,19]],"date-time":"2023-07-19T12:41:46Z","timestamp":1689770506000},"page":"318-323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Validation of a <scp>3D\u2010Printed<\/scp> Percutaneous Injection Laryngoplasty Simulator: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"134","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4530-5126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julianna C.","family":"Kostas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine Sean Parker Institute for the Voice  New York New York U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew S.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine Sean Parker Institute for the Voice  New York New York U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Arunkumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine Sean Parker Institute for the Voice  New York New York U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine Sean Parker Institute for the Voice  New York New York U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6643-4360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine Sean Parker Institute for the Voice  New York New York U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander N.","family":"Goel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York New York U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Alrassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology SUNY Downstate Medical Center  Brooklyn New York U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyler","family":"Crosby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery NYU Langone Health  New York New York U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine M.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine Sean Parker Institute for the Voice  New York New York U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milan","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery NYU Langone Health  New York New York U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Abu\u2010Ghanem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology SUNY Downstate Medical Center  Brooklyn New York U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9289-3875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Kirke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai  New York New York U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1543-2634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana\u00efs","family":"Rameau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine Sean Parker Institute for the Voice  New York New York 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